Localization of metabolites in animals using 31P topical magnetic resonance

Gordon, R. E.; Hanley, P.E.; Shaw, Duncan; Gadian, David G.; Radda, George K.; Styles, Peter; Bore, Peter J.; Chan, Laurence

doi:10.1038/287736a0

Cited by 232 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…But the conventional NMR spectrometer had several limitations, when used with biological tissue. Recently topical magnetic resonance (TMR) was developed and allowed us to measure phosphorous compounds in the profound organs, or a part of the whole body (TANAKA et al, 1974;GORDON et al, 1980). TMR technique provided in vivo information in the muscle RADDA et al, 1982), the kidney (BALABAN et al, 1981), the tumor of rat (GRIFFITHS et al, 1981), and the brain (NARUSE et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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31P-NMR study of dog submandibular gland in vivo and in vitro using the Topical Magnetic Resonance.

et al. 1985

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The topical magnetic resonance (TMR) was used to study the phosphorous metabolism of a dog's submandibular gland during acetylcholine stimulation. The experiments were carried out under two conditions. One was a normal blood supply (in vivo) and the other was vascular perfusion with the artificial perfusate (in vitro). The levels of phosphorous compounds in the gland were obtained for 31P-NMR spectra of the TMR. The saliva was secreted in the both conditions, though the salivary flow under the in vivo condition was higher than in vitro. During salivary secretion, only the levels of creatine phosphate decreased under in vivo condition, while the levels of creatine phosphate and ATP decreased and the levels of inorganic phosphate increased in in vitro cases. It was concluded that the decrement of creatine phosphate during the salivary secretion indicates the acceleration of the energy metabolism in the submandibular gland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a method of magnetic focusing (TANAKA et al, 1974). GoRDON et al (1980) reported the phosphorous compound of an in vivo profound organ by the TMR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

31P-NMR study of dog submandibular gland in vivo and in vitro using the Topical Magnetic Resonance.

et al. 1985

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“…After early attempts on whole animals [14], numerous studies of live, intact animals took place in the 1970s to investigate anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology in vivo [38][39][40][41], also using perfused organs (e.g., [42][43][44]). In 1979, Britton Chance at University of Pennsylvania (PA, USA), contacted OI (UK) to design and build the first horizontal 1.5 T/20 cm magnet for metabolic research.…”

Section: Biomedical and Preclinical Mri And Mrs Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-High Field NMR and MRI—The Role of Magnet Technology to Increase Sensitivity and Specificity

Moser

Laistler

Schmitt³

et al. 2017

Front. Phys.

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"History, of course, is difficult to write, if for no other reason, than that it has so many players and so many authors." -P. J. Keating (former Australian Prime Minister)Starting with post-war developments in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) a race for stronger and stronger magnetic fields has begun in the 1950s to overcome the inherently low sensitivity of this promising method. Further challenges were larger magnet bores to accommodate small animals and eventually humans. Initially, resistive electromagnets with small pole distances, or sample volumes, and field strengths up to 2.35 T (or 100 MHz 1 H frequency) were used in applications in physics, chemistry, and material science. This was followed by stronger and more stable (Nb-Ti based) superconducting magnet technology typically implemented first for small-bore systems in analytical chemistry, biochemistry and structural biology, and eventually allowing larger horizontal-bore magnets with diameters large enough to fit small laboratory animals. By the end of the 1970s, first low-field resistive magnets big enough to accommodate humans were developed and superconducting whole-body systems followed. Currently, cutting-edge analytical NMR systems are available at proton frequencies up to 1 GHz (23.5 T) based on Nb 3 Sn at 1.9 K. A new 1.2 GHz system (28 T) at 1.9 K, operating in persistent mode but using a combination of low and high temperature multi-filament superconductors is to be released. Preclinical instruments range from small-bore animal systems with typically 600-800 MHz (14.1-18.8 T) up to 900 MHz (21 T) at 1.9 K. Human whole-body MRI systems currently operate up to 10.5 T. Hybrid combined superconducting and resistive electromagnets with even higher field strength of 45 T dc and 100 T pulsed, are available for material research, of course with smaller free bore diameters. This rather costly development toward higher and higher field strength is a consequence of the inherently low and, thus, urgently needed sensitivity in all NMR experiments. This review particularly describes and compares the developments in superconducting magnet technology and, thus, sensitivity in three Moser et al.UHF MR-Magnet Technology fields of research: analytical NMR, biomedical and preclinical research, and human MRI and MRS, highlighting important steps and innovations. In addition, we summarize our knowledge on safety issues. An outlook into even stronger magnetic fields using different superconducting materials and/or hybrid magnet designs is presented.

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“…It allows the study of physiological processes in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner. Particularly 31 P-NMR proved revealing for the measurement of metabolite concentrations and pH in tissue (Gordon et al 1980(Gordon et al , 1982Ackerman et al 1980;Gadian, 1982). Although less resolution is required for in vivo spectroscopy than for imaging, such a simple field-focusing technique is often inadequate for investigating smaller organs, and alternative approaches have been proposed for better localizing the area of observation, as described below.…”

Section: Sensitive-point Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%