Localization of Multiple DNA Sequences on Nanopatterns

Abstract

DNA oligonucleotides of different sequences were patterned at the nanoscale. Areas of positive charge were generated by exposure of insulating substrates, spin-on hydrogen silsesquioxane or vapor-deposited SiO(2) on Si, with ionizing radiation sources used in electron beam and extreme ultraviolet lithography. Au nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 15 nm, carrying covalently bound negatively charged single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides, were site specifically immobilized directly on the exposed regions and presented oligonucleotides for subsequent hybridization. Repeated exposure and deposition of NPs allowed for patterning multiple DNA sequences. Patterns with dimensions as small as 15 nm were fabricated using electron beam lithography. The use of DNA-functionalized NPs rather than just DNA facilitates metrology in scanning electron microscopy and improves the hybridization efficiency of the oligonucleotides on the surface.

Mechanisms, Capabilities, and Applications of High‐Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing

“…Due to the sensitive nature of such materials, single-step direct additive printing approaches are advantageous over conventional lithographic methods, particularly in the case of arrays of multi ple species on a single substrate. [ 198,199 ] Several publications demonstrate the use of e-jet printing in the fabrication of DNA and protein microarrays. A second area of interest within the fi eld of biotechnology is in controlling cell-substrate interactions for tissue engineering, drug assays, and basic studies of cell behavior.…”

“…Related to examples described above, e‐jet printing has been explored in biotechnology, where high‐resolution patterning of biomolecules and other soft materials is often needed. Due to the sensitive nature of such materials, single‐step direct additive printing approaches are advantageous over conventional lithographic methods, particularly in the case of arrays of multi­ple species on a single substrate . Several publications demonstrate the use of e‐jet printing in the fabrication of DNA and protein microarrays.…”

Writing chemical patterns using electrospun fibers as nanoscale inkpots for directed assembly of colloidal nanocrystals

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25] The assembly of these NCs on patterned surfaces can be realized via various interactions such as electrostatic, magnetic, chemical, capillary force, and Watson-Crick base pairing. 20,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Among these, chemical patterning, in particular, shows great promise with robust and controllable substrate-particle interaction, and applicability to a range of different sizes and types of particles. To fabricate the patterns, a variety of techniques based on electron-beams, [36][37][38] scanning probes, [39][40][41][42] nanoimprinting, selfassembly of block copolymer films, [43][44][45][46] laser induced patterning 47,48 and electrohydrodynamic jet printing [49][50][51][52] have been used to date.…”

Modulating the Kinetics of Nanoparticle Adsorption for Simple and High‐Yield Fabrication of Plasmonic Heterostructures as SERS Substrates

“…Assembling nanoscale building blocks into complex nanostructures on asurface is ap rocess that is of great interesttod evelop materials with new and enhanced properties which may enable new technologiesi nabroad range of areas including electronics, [1] photonics, [2] nanoelectromechanical systems, [3] energy storage, [4] sensors [5] and biotechnology. [6] Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) presento ne of the beste xamples of such building blocks, since opticalp roperties of these materials strongly depend on the size, geometry and, more importantly,t he spatial position of the individual particles with respectt oe ach other. [7,8] The basis of such ab ehavior is localized surface plas-mon resonances which are light induced oscillations of the free electrons.…”