Localization of neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion that project into different postganglionic trunks

Bowers, Chauncey W.; Zigmond, Richard E.

doi:10.1002/cne.901850211

Cited by 158 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This colocalization implies that cellular variations in VMAT2 expression are tightly correlated with the functional identities of sympathetic neurons -cell bodies of vasomotor neurons are VMAT2-positive, while secretomotor and pilomotor neurons appear VMAT2-negative. The identification of NPY-negative cells as mainly secretomotor or pilomotor was based on previous tracing studies and measurements of cell size and position (Bowers and Zigmond, 1979;Gibbins, 1991;Headley et al, 2005;Voyvodic, 1989). Direct examination of the submandibular salivary glands (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different subcellular distributions of the vesicular monoamine transporter, VMAT2, in subclasses of sympathetic neurons

Headley¹,

Suhan²,

Horn³

2007

Brain Research

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A subpopulation of neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) was found to lack immunostaining for VMAT2, an isoform of the vesicular monoamine transporter that loads catecholamines into vesicles for release at the synapse. Double labeling with neuropeptide Y (NPY), a marker for vasomotor neurons, revealed selective cellular colocalization of NPY together with intense perinuclear staining for VMAT2. This implied that VMAT2-negative neurons were likely to have secretomotor and pilomotor phenotypes. We tested this by identifying peripheral noradrenergic axons by their expression of immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and determining whether they also expressed NPY and VMAT2. This analysis revealed the presence of VMAT2-positive, non-vasomotor sympathetic axons in the submandibular gland and at the base of piloerector hairs. Together the results confirm earlier indications that virtually all sympathetic neurons in the rat SCG express VMAT2 and they show for the first time that functional subclasses of cells can be distinguished by different somatic levels of immunoreactivity for VMAT2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different subcellular distributions of the vesicular monoamine transporter, VMAT2, in subclasses of sympathetic neurons

Headley¹,

Suhan²,

Horn³

2007

Brain Research

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“…Bowers & Zigmond (1979) also observed a minor trunk leaving the superior cervical ganglion at its rostral pole, projecting along the pterygopalatine artery, which they named the 'pterygopalatine nerve'. This was an unfortunate choice, as branches of the maxillary nerve to the pterygopalatine ganglion are also named pterygopalatine nerves (Gardner et al 1969).…”

Section: Sympathetic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main trajectories of nerves that traverse and surround the tympanic cavity in the rat

et al. 2000

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To guide surgery of nerves that traverse and surround the tympanic cavity in the rat, anatomical illustrations are required that are topographically correct. In this study, maps of this area are presented, extending from the superior cervical ganglion to the otic ganglion. They were derived from observations that were made during dissections using a ventral approach. Major blood vessels, bones, transected muscles of the tongue and neck and supra and infrahyoid muscles serve as landmarks in the illustrations. The course of the mandibular, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves with their branches, and components of the sympathetic system, are shown and discussed with reference to data available in the literature. Discrepancies in this literature can be clarified and new data are presented on the trajectories of several nerves. The course of the tympanic nerve was established. This nerve originates from the glossopharyngeal nerve, enters the tympanic cavity, crosses the promontory, passes the tensor tympani muscle dorsally, and continues its route intracranially to the otic ganglion as the lesser petrosal nerve after intersecting with the greater petrosal nerve. Auricular branches of the glossopharyngeal and of the vagus nerve were noted. We also observed a pterygopalatine branch of the internal carotid nerve, that penetrates the tympanic cavity and courses across the promontory.

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“…On the other hand, the induction of ATF3-IR following a lesion is a sensitive retrograde method for identifying minor populations of neurons that project into a particular nerve tract. Using retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase, we previously estimated that the population of neurons in the SCG that project into the CST was rarely more than 1% of the neurons in the ganglion (Bowers and Zigmond, 1979); however, these neurons were readily detectable in the current study by means of ATF3-IR. Again using horseradish peroxidase, we previously found neurons in the MICG that project to the SCG and exit that ganglion via the external carotid nerve (Bowers and Zigmond, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In addition, we previously showed that two populations of postganglionic neurons project into this trunk. One of these is a small group of neurons whose cell bodies are located primarily in the caudal part of the SCG (Bowers and Zigmond, 1979), and the other is a group of neurons whose cell bodies are located primarily in the rostral portions of the middle and inferior cervical ganglia (MICG; Bowers and Zigmond, 1981). Transection of the CST near the SCG, thus, produces a proximal axotomy to certain neurons in the SCG, while producing a distal axotomy to certain neurons in the MICG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activating transcription factor 3 immunoreactivity identifies small populations of axotomized neurons in rat cervical sympathetic ganglia after transection of the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk

Zigmond

Vaccariello

2007

Brain Research

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Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been proposed as a marker for injured neurons. Thus, while undetectable normally in sensory, motor, or sympathetic neurons, ATF3--like immunoreactivity (ATF3-IR) is readily detectable in such cells after axotomy. Here we examined ATF3-IR in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and the middle and inferior cervical ganglia (MICG) after transection of the predominantly preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk (CST). The purpose of the study was to determine whether neurons in the SCG would exhibit ATF3-IR after decentralization and, if they did not, whether the induction of ATF3-IR was sensitive enough to identify the small numbers of neurons in the SCG and MICG that project their axons into the CST. Following transection of the CST, the majority of deafferented neurons in the SCG showed no ATF3-IR; however, a small group of neurons in both the SCG and MICG were labeled, and the location of the labeled neurons within these ganglia corresponded to that of neurons axotomized by this procedure. Furthermore, the ATF3-positive neurons in the MICG could be retrogradely labeled from the transected CST. In addition, a large number of smaller cells were labeled in the SCG, though not in the MICG, and some of these cells were double labeled with an antiserum to the glial protein S100. These data indicate that, after transection of the CST, neuronal labeling in the SCG and MICG is restricted to axotomized neurons but that in addition there is extensive labeling of glial cells associated with anterograde degeneration within the SCG.

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Localization of neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion that project into different postganglionic trunks

Cited by 158 publications

References 21 publications

Different subcellular distributions of the vesicular monoamine transporter, VMAT2, in subclasses of sympathetic neurons

Different subcellular distributions of the vesicular monoamine transporter, VMAT2, in subclasses of sympathetic neurons

Main trajectories of nerves that traverse and surround the tympanic cavity in the rat

Activating transcription factor 3 immunoreactivity identifies small populations of axotomized neurons in rat cervical sympathetic ganglia after transection of the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk

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