Localization of neurons in the rat spinal cord which project to the superior cervical ganglion

Rando, Thomas A.; Bowers, Chauncey W.; Zigmond, Richard E.

doi:10.1002/cne.901960107

Cited by 183 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…(c) The size of neural units innervated by preganglionic axons arising from different spinal levels Different thoracic segments contribute characteristically different numbers of preganglionic axons to the superior cervical ganglion (NjAI& Purves, 1977 a; Dalsgaard & Elfvin, 1979;Rubin & Purves, 1980; see also Rando, Bowers & Zigmond, 1981). We therefore wished to know whether preganglionic axons arising from different levels of the spinal cord innervate different numbers of cells in the superior cervical ganglion.…”

Section: Size and Arrangement Of Neural Units (B) Estimate Of Neural mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural units in the superior cervical ganglion of the guinea‐pig.

Purves¹,

Wigston²

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARYThe size and arrangement of the set of neurones innervated by individual preganglionic axons (the neural unit) has been investigated in the superior cervical ganglion of the guinea-pig.1. Based on the ratio of preganglionic neurones to ganglion cells, and the average number of axons contacting each ganglion cell, we estimated that individual preganglionic axons innervate on the order of 50-200 superior cervical ganglion cells.2. Of 562 pairs of ganglion cells examined with intracellular recording, forty-seven (84 %) were innervated by one or more common axons.3. Pairs of ganglion cells innervated by the same axon were not necessarily near each other. Although nearby cells were more likely to share innervation than neurones far apart, cells sharing innervation were often found several hundred micrometers apart, and were occasionally separated by the largest dimension of the ganglion (about 1-2 mm).4. The incidence of cell pairs that shared innervation from more than one axon was greater than expected from the frequency of pairs sharing at least one axon.5. Extracellular recordings from small fascicles of the cervical sympathetic trunk showed that preganglionic axons from different segmental levels intermingle extensively en route to the superior cervical ganglion.6. Taken together, these findings support the view that sets of ganglion cells are innervated in common not because of any special topographic relationship within the ganglion, but because they share one or more properties that make them especially attractive to particular preganglionic axons.

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Section: Size and Arrangement Of Neural Units (B) Estimate Of Neural mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural units in the superior cervical ganglion of the guinea‐pig.

Purves¹,

Wigston²

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in mammals are clustered in discrete nuclear columns: the intermediolateral nucleus (IML, also called the nucleus intermediolateralis pars principalis); the intercalated nucleus (IC, also called nucleus intercalatus proprius); the nucleus of the lateral funiculus (LF, also called nucleus intermediolateralis pars funicularis), and the central autonomic nucleus (CA, also called nucleus intercalatus pars paraependymalis) in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord [rats: Rando et al, 1981;Strack et al, 1988;Chung et al, 1993;guinea pigs: Dalasgaard and Elfvin, 1979;cats: Morgan et al, 1986;dogs: Petras and Faden, 1978;monkeys: Petras and Cummings, 1972]. Developmental studies demonstrated that the SPNs, together with the somatic motor neurons, differentiate from a common primitive motor column [Phelps et al, 1991], and the SPN precursors first migrate dorsally to form the IML cell column, then turn medially to form the IC and the CA just dorsal to the central canal [Phelps et al, 1993].…”

Section: Sympathetic Preganglionic Cell Columns Of Teleostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sympathetic Nervous System of Anamniotes

Funakoshi

Nakano²

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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The sympathetic nervous system develops as an evolutionary trait with gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates), but not with agnathan fishes (i.e., hagfishes and lampreys). Organization of the sympathetic preganglionic neuronal columns is different in teleosts and anurans. In the teleosts so far examined, the majority of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) are located in the dorsal part of the spinal central gray matter. In Tetraodontiformes, the cell column occupies only two rostral spinal segments, which are distinct in their cytoarchitecture and projections. On the other hand, the SPNs of anurans form two cell columns segregated mediolaterally. The lateral and medial columns are also distinct in their cytoarchitecture and projections. The neuroactive substances expressed in the SPNs both in teleosts and anurans are coded to the projections. In anurans, the SPNs containing gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and those containing calcitonin gene-related peptide are involved in the regulation of blood vessels and cutaneous glands, respectively. In the filefish, the SPNs containing galanin project specifically to non-adrenergic non-cholinergic postganglionic neurons in the cranial sympathetic ganglia. Therefore, both anuran and teleost systems have different morphological and chemical-coded patterns for functional variation, although the anuran sympathetic nervous system has more organizational similarity with that of amniotes.

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“…Detachment of synapses from chromatolytic motoneurones in the frog (Farel, 1980) might thus lead to significant de-efferentation of interneurones impinging on the uninjured contralateral motoneurones, with consequences which might be expressed in a sprouting reaction of the latter. A similar possibility might exist for preganglionic neurones to the superior cervical ganglion: the great majority of these are situated in the lateral part of the intermediate zone, but some have dendrites extending towards the centre and a few are centrally placed (Rando et al 1981). It is not known whether these might include neurones which innervate the chromaffin-like small granule-containing cells, but very few of the preganglionic neurones destined from chromaffin tissue, at more caudal levels of the spinal cord, are placed near to the mid line (Schramm, Adair, Stribling & Gray, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preganglionic synaptic terminals which innervate principal neurones contain similar vesicles but show typically a single, continuous and more extensive synaptic specialization, which is asymmetric (Matthews, 1974). Although it is known that the ganglion as a whole is innervated from preganglionic neurones located in the intermediate zone of spinal cord segments between C8 and T5 (Rando, Bowers & Zigmond, 1981), the precise source of the innervation of the small granule-containing cells is unknown. This paper describes an experimental study of the reaction of the preganglionic synapses upon the small granule-containing cells to axotomy of the major post-ganglionic nerve trunks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incoming synapses and size of small granule‐containing cells in a rat sympathetic ganglion after post‐ganglionic axotomy.

Case¹,

Matthews²

1986

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A quantitative ultrastructural study has been made of the reaction of the incoming synapses of small granule-containing cells after axotomy of the major post-ganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the young adult rat. These cells are intrinsic and interneurone-like in this ganglion, receiving a preganglionic input and giving outgoing synapses to principal post-ganglionic neurones.2. Unlike their outgoing synapses, which are lost after post-ganglionic axotomy (Case & Matthews, 1986), the incoming synapses of the small granule-containing cells in axotomized ganglia increased in incidence post-operatively. The increase first became clearly evident 5-7 days post-operatively and was greater, being both more sustained and progressive, after bilateral than after unilateral axotomy. After bilateral axotomy the incidence of incoming synapses rose to more than four times that of normal ganglia and was still elevated at 128 days post-operatively, but was within normal limits at 390 days.3. After a unilateral lesion, increases of similar extent and time course to those in the axotomized ganglia were seen in the incoming synapses of small granulecontaining cells in the uninjured contralateral ganglia.4. The incoming synapses of the small granule-containing cells are multifocal, i.e. show several points or active foci of synaptic specialization. The increase in synapses expressed itself both through an increased incidence of these synaptic active foci per nerve terminal and through an increase in the number of~presynaptic nerve terminal profiles associated with the cells.5. Control observations indicated that the increase in synapses was not due to surgical stress, nor was it attributable solely to post-operative ageing.6. The nerve terminals which were presynaptic to the small granule-containing cells post-operatively were all ofpreganglionic origin: no incoming synapses or presynaptic nerve terminals remained at 2 days after a preganglionic denervation of axotomized or contralateral ganglia, at whatever stage this was performed throughout the range of survival intervals.7. There was some evidence that the synapses had increased by sprouting, including terminal sprouting, of the preganglionic nerve fibres. In the shorter term * To whom correspondence should be sent.PHY 374 2 C. P. CASE AND M. R. MATTHEWS there was an increase in the proportion of small nerve terminal profiles. In the longer term the mean size of the terminal profiles increased, and very large terminals of unusual form were seen.8. After post-ganglionic axotomy, and in particular after a bilateral lesion, the small granule-containing cells became hypertrophied. The size of the small granulecontaining cells was directly correlated with both the incidence and the collective size of the preganglionic nerve terminals which innervated them. Both the small granule-containing cells and their incoming innervation thus display a considerable capacity for expansion, such as is found to be inherent also in other neuronal systems.9. These inte...

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Localization of neurons in the rat spinal cord which project to the superior cervical ganglion

Cited by 183 publications

References 38 publications

Neural units in the superior cervical ganglion of the guinea‐pig.

Neural units in the superior cervical ganglion of the guinea‐pig.

The Sympathetic Nervous System of Anamniotes

Incoming synapses and size of small granule‐containing cells in a rat sympathetic ganglion after post‐ganglionic axotomy.

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