Localization of Plutonium Retention in the Small Intestine of the Neonatal Rat, Guinea Pig, Baboon and Macaca after Pu-citrate Ingestion

Fritsch, P.; Moutairou, K.; Lataillade, G.; Beauvallet, M; L'hullier, I.; LePage, Mary Ellen; Métivier, Henri; Masse, R.

doi:10.1080/09553008814551981

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…1989 . The low levels of retention of niobium in the gastrointestinal tract of newborn guinea pigs (see Table 2) are also consistent with observations of low actinide retention in this species (Sullivan et al 1987, Fritsch et al 1988, Naylor et al 1989) . In the rat small intestine, retained actinides were shown to be located in the epithelial cells of the villi .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Gastrointestinal Absorption and Retention of Niobium in Adult and Newborn Guinea Pigs

Harrison¹,

Haines²,

Popplewell³

1990

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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The gastrointestinal absorption of 95Nb ingested in milk by adult guinea pigs on a milk-supplemented diet was estimated as 0.8 +/- 0.2% (SEM; n = 4) and a value of 1.4 +/- 0.2% was obtained for guinea pigs fasted for 24 h before and 2 h after the oral administration of 95Nb in a citrate solution. The absorption in 2-day-old animals given the 95Nb-citrate solution was estimated as 1.5 +/- 0.2% (SEM; n = 3). These results support the values currently used for radiological protection purposes to calculate doses from the ingestion of niobium isotopes; these are 1% for adults and 2% for infants in the first year of life. Intestinal retention of niobium in newborn guinea pigs was low, unlike retention in other species, but consistent with observations of the retention of other elements in guinea pigs. It is considered that retention in human neonates is likely to be most similar to that in guinea pigs. Whole-body retention of 95Nb after systemic administration in citrate solution was slightly lower in 2-day-old guinea pigs than in adults, with rapid excretion of about 50% over the first day compared with 40% in adults. Subsequent clearance was similar in the two age groups with a retention half-time of about 30 days.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Gastrointestinal Absorption and Retention of Niobium in Adult and Newborn Guinea Pigs

Harrison¹,

Haines²,

Popplewell³

1990

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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“…The absorption appears to be nonspecific due to a greater permeability of the immature intestine for different elements and range of molecular species. This phenomenon may be related to the specific uptake of immunoglobulins from milk, which continues to a reduced extent after "closure" of the intestine to the transfer of these molecules (71). Intestinal retention of 95Nb citrate in newborn guinea pigs is low, unlike retention in other species 66, but consistent with observations of the retention of actinide elements in this species (71).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Tractsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…This phenomenon may be related to the specific uptake of immunoglobulins from milk, which continues to a reduced extent after "closure" of the intestine to the transfer of these molecules (71). Intestinal retention of 95Nb citrate in newborn guinea pigs is low, unlike retention in other species 66, but consistent with observations of the retention of actinide elements in this species (71). In the guinea pig, as in humans, this "closure" occurs either before or shortly after birth; maternal immunoglobulins are transferred cross-placentally to the fetus, and the mechanism of intestinal uptake from milk does not operate (72).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biokinetics of nuclear fuel compounds and biological effects of nonuniform radiation.

Lang

Servomaa

Kosma

et al. 1995

Environ Health Perspect

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Environmental releases of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds may occur at nuclear power plants during normal operation, after nuclear power plant accidents, and as a consequence of nuclear weapons testing. For example, the Chernobyl fallout contained extensive amounts of pulverized nuclear fuel composed of uranium and its nonvolatile fission products. The effects of these highly radioactive particles, also called hot particles, on humans are not well known due to lack of reliable data on the extent of the exposure. However, the biokinetics and biological effects of nuclear fuel compounds have been investigated in a number of experimental studies using various cellular systems and laboratory animals. In this article, we review the biokinetic properties and effects of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds, with special reference to UO2, PuO2, and nonvolatile, long-lived beta-emitters Zr, Nb, Ru, and Ce. First, the data on hot particles, including sources, dosimetry, and human exposure are discussed. Second, the biokinetics of insoluble nuclear fuel compounds in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract are reviewed. Finally, short- and long-term biological effects of nonuniform alpha- and beta-irradiation on the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin are discussed.Imagesp920-aFigure 1.

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“…Experimental data on humans and other mammals indicate more complete absorption for a number of elements in infants than in adults, which is attributed to various factors such as milk diet and pinocytotic activity (Barton, 1987;Brambell, 1970;Clarke & Hardy, 1971;Fritsch et al, 1988;Harrison et al, 1987;ICRP, 2006: Table 1;Sullivan, 1980a,b). The effects of age and other factors were taken into account by the ICRP in the determination of absorption efficiency in infants when empirical data were not available (ICRP, 1989(ICRP, , 1993(ICRP, , 1995(ICRP, , 2006.…”

Section: Data Collection and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between absorption efficiency of elements in mammals and chemical properties

Hendriks

2013

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Oral absorption efficiency is an important factor to consider in human risk assessment and varies widely between elements. Linking absorption efficiency to chemical properties facilitates the understanding of underlying processes and enables extrapolation across elements. In our study, oral absorption efficiency in humans was predicted for a number of elements based on their ionization energy and electronegativity. Data on oral absorption efficiency in humans were retrieved via a literature survey. A model was developed based on the assumption that ionic species readily react with biotic ligands. Accordingly, ionization energy was presumed to represent the reactivity and absorption of atoms in the gastrointestinal tract. The coefficients of the model were parameterized by fitting the quantitative relationship between absorption efficiency and ionization energy to data collected from well-standardized studies. Generally, absorption efficiency was strongly related to ionization energy, explaining 94% of the variability in absorption efficiency between elements reported by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). In addition, the absorption efficiencies predicted based on ionization energy were within a factor of two of those given by the ICRP (ME = -0.05; RMSE = 0.31). However, the model is not applicable to alkaline metals and molybdenum because of the uniquely high solubility of their compounds or the flexible electron configuration of these elements. Approximately 56% of the variability in absorption efficiency between elements could be explained by electronegativity. These strong relationships between absorption efficiency and ionization energy and, to a lesser extent, electronegativity indicate potential for extrapolation across elements using atomic properties.

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Localization of Plutonium Retention in the Small Intestine of the Neonatal Rat, Guinea Pig, Baboon and Macaca after Pu-citrate Ingestion

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

The Gastrointestinal Absorption and Retention of Niobium in Adult and Newborn Guinea Pigs

The Gastrointestinal Absorption and Retention of Niobium in Adult and Newborn Guinea Pigs

Biokinetics of nuclear fuel compounds and biological effects of nonuniform radiation.

Relationships between absorption efficiency of elements in mammals and chemical properties

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