Localization of Porphyrin in Mouse Harderian Glands.

Park, Sun-Hee; Satoh, Yuichi; Kumagai, Shogo; Seyama, Yousuke

doi:10.1679/aohc.59.189

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2A), have been shown to consist of complexes of porphyrins and lipids, as well as proteins. Furthermore, porphyrins are mainly localized in the cytoplasm of the tubulo-alveolar cells of the harderian gland, but not in the nucleus or in lipid droplets, suggesting that lipid-porphyrin complexes are probably formed in the glandular lumina and not within the glandular cells (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The apical localization of Bcrp1 in the membrane of tubulo-alveolar cells, together with the altered morphology and the loss of luminal porphyrin precipitates in the harderian glands of female Bcrp1 Ϫ/Ϫ mice, strongly suggested the involvement of Bcrp1 in the secretion of porphyrins. Previously, it has been shown by fluorescence microscopy that porphyrins are primarily localized in the cytoplasm of the tubulo-alveolar cells of the harderian glands of mice (15). Using the same method, we determined the effect of Bcrp1 on porphyrin content and distribution in the harderian gland by comparing wild-type and Bcrp1 Ϫ/Ϫ females (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp1/Abcg2) is expressed in the harderian gland and mediates transport of conjugated protoporphyrin IX

Jonker¹,

Musters²,

Vlaming³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Proper regulation of intracellular levels of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), the direct precursor of heme, is important for cell survival. A deficiency in ferrochelatase, which mediates the final step in heme biosynthesis, leads to erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), a photosensitivity syndrome caused by the accumulation of PPIX in the skin. We have previously shown that mice with a deficiency in the ABC transporter Bcrp1/Abcg2 display a novel type of protoporphyria. This protoporphyria is mild compared with ferrochelatase-dependent EPP, and in itself not sufficient to cause phototoxicity, but it might exacerbate the consequences of other porphyrias. In this study, we identified the mouse harderian gland as a novel expression site of Bcrp1. Because of its pronounced role in porphyrin secretion, the harderian gland presents a useful tool to study the mechanism of Bcrp1-related protoporphyria and transport of porphyrins. Bcrp1(-/-) harderian gland displayed a highly increased accumulation of PPIX glycoconjugates, and a similar shift was seen in Bcrp1(-/-) liver. Tear- and hepatobiliary excretion data suggest that Bcrp1 controls intracellular levels of PPIX by mediating high affinity transport of its glycoconjugates and possibly low-affinity transport of unconjugated PPIX. This mechanism may allow cells to prevent or reduce cytotoxicity of PPIX under excess conditions, without spillage under physiological conditions where PPIX is needed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp1/Abcg2) is expressed in the harderian gland and mediates transport of conjugated protoporphyrin IX

Jonker¹,

Musters²,

Vlaming³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1997). Protoporphyrin IX is mainly present in the cytoplasm (Carriere 1985, Park et al. 1996, Cui & Wang 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than being lipid‐secreting (in contrast to protein secreting glands like the pancreas), the Harderian gland has another unique feature which other exocrine glands lack: the Harderian glandular cells contain in their cytoplasm a large amount of porphyrins, primarily protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) (Carriere 1985, Park et al. 1996, Cui & Wang 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A physiological role for protoporphyrin IX photodynamic action in the rat Harderian gland?

Cui

Zhou

Satoh

et al. 2003

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The gland secretes a mixture of compounds, which in some species such as rodents include pigments called porphyrins (Harkness and Ridgway, 1980;Park et al, 1996). In rodents, high levels of secretion from Harderian glands result in rusty-coloured stains in and below the inner corner of the eye, called chromodacryorrhea, also known as 'tear staining', 'red tears' or 'bloody tears'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear staining in pigs: a potential tool for welfare assessment on commercial farms

Telkänranta

Marchant‐Forde

Valros

2016

animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tear staining or chromodacryorrhea refers to a dark stain below the inner corner of the eye, caused by porphyrin-pigmented secretion from the Harderian gland. It has been shown to be a consistent indicator of stress in rats and to correlate with social stress and a barren environment in pigs. The current study was, to our knowledge, the first to test it on commercial pig farms as a potential welfare indicator. The study was carried out on three commercial farms in Finland, in connection to a larger study on the effects of different types of manipulable objects on tail and ear biting and other behavioural parameters. Farm A was a fattening farm, on which 768 growing-finishing pigs were studied in 73 pens. Farm B had a fattening unit, in which 656 growing-finishing pigs were studied in 44 pens, and a farrowing unit, in which 29 sows and their litters totalling 303 piglets were studied in 29 pens. Farm C was a piglet-producing farm, on which 167 breeder gilts were studied in 24 pens. Data collection included individual-level scoring of tear staining; scoring of tail and ear damage in the growing-finishing pigs and breeder gilts; a novel object test for the piglets; and a novel person test for the growing-finishing pigs on Farm B and the breeder gilts on Farm C. On Farm A, tear staining was found to correlate with tail damage scores (n=768, rs=0.14, P<0.001) and ear damage scores (n=768, rs=0.16, P<0.001). In the growing-finishing pigs on Farm B, tear staining of the left eye correlated with tail damage (n=656, rs=0.12, P<0.01) and that of the right eye correlated with ear damage (n=656, rs=0.10, P<0.01). On Farm A, tear-staining sores were lower in the treatment with three different types of manipulable objects as compared with controls (mean scores 3.3 and 3.9, respectively, n=31, F29=4.2, P<0.05). In the suckling piglets on Farm B, tear staining correlated with the latency to approach a novel object (n=29, rp=0.41, P<0.05). Although correlations with tail and ear damage were low, it was concluded that tear staining has promising potential as a new, additional welfare indicator for commercial pig farming. Further research is needed on the mechanisms of tear staining.

show abstract

Localization of Porphyrin in Mouse Harderian Glands.

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp1/Abcg2) is expressed in the harderian gland and mediates transport of conjugated protoporphyrin IX

Breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp1/Abcg2) is expressed in the harderian gland and mediates transport of conjugated protoporphyrin IX

A physiological role for protoporphyrin IX photodynamic action in the rat Harderian gland?

Tear staining in pigs: a potential tool for welfare assessment on commercial farms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About