Localization of sex hormone binding globulin in the rat vomeronasal organ

Ploß, V.M.; Gebhart, V.M.; Gisder, Doreen Maria; Dölz, W.; Jirikowski, Gustav F.

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.08.004

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In mammals, the VNO is regarded as a sensory organ and has been reported to be highly sensitive to steroid pheromones, which would be involved in mating and sexual behavior [ 8 , 51 ]. Recently, several studies found through immunohistochemical staining that mRNA levels of steroid hormone transport proteins and steroid hormone receptors are expressed in the SE of rodents’ VNO, indicating that steroid hormones projected the limbic system through the VNO [ 25 , 52 ]. In terrestrial salamanders, circulating steroid hormone levels were found to stimulate the morphological characteristic of chemosensory cues in the VNO during the mating season [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vomeronasal Receptors Associated with Circulating Estrogen Processing Chemosensory Cues in Semi-Aquatic Mammals

Xie

Chen

Shen

et al. 2023

IJMS

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In numerous animals, one essential chemosensory organ that detects chemical signals is the vomeronasal organ (VNO), which is involved in species-specific behaviors, including social and sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism underlying the processing of chemosensory cues in semi-aquatic mammals using muskrats as the animal model. Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) has a sensitive VNO system that activates seasonal breeding behaviors through receiving specific substances, including pheromones and hormones. Vomeronasal organ receptor type 1 (V1R) and type 2 (V2R) and estrogen receptor α and β (ERα and ERβ) were found in sensory epithelial cells, non-sensory epithelial cells and lamina propria cells of the female muskrats’ VNO. V2R and ERα mRNA levels in the VNO during the breeding period declined sharply, in comparison to those during the non-breeding period, while V1R and ERβ mRNA levels were detected reversely. Additionally, transcriptomic study in the VNO identified that differently expressed genes might be related to estrogen signal and metabolic pathways. These findings suggested that the seasonal structural and functional changes in the VNO of female muskrats with different reproductive status and estrogen was regulated through binding to ERα and ERβ in the female muskrats’ VNO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vomeronasal Receptors Associated with Circulating Estrogen Processing Chemosensory Cues in Semi-Aquatic Mammals

Xie

Chen

Shen

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…These are likely the predominant receptors of steroids in mice, but V2Rs also seem to be involved [21]. Noteworthily, sex-steroid receptors were found in VSNs, suggesting a potential role in signaling actions of pheromones [65]. For instance, estrogen receptor (ESR1) in the VNO is directly localized to neural progenitors and mediates neurogenesis during pregnancy in female mice [66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex separation unveils the functional plasticity of the vomeronasal organ in rabbits

Villamayor

Gullón²,

Arias

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Chemosensory cues are vital for social and sexual behaviours and are primarily detected and processed by the vomeronasal system (VNS), whose plastic capacity has been investigated in mice. However, studying chemosensory plasticity outside of laboratory conditions may give a more realistic picture of how the VNS adapts to a changing environment. Rabbits are a well-described model of chemocommunication since the discovery of the rabbit mammary pheromone and their vomeronasal organ (VNO) transcriptome was recently characterized, a first step to further study plasticity-mediated transcriptional changes. In this study, we assess the plastic capacity of the rabbit male and female VNO under sex-separation vs sex-combined scenarios, including adults and juveniles, to determine whether the rabbit VNO is plastic and, if so, whether such plasticity is already established at early stages of life. Results: First, we characterized the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the VNO of rabbit male and female under sex-separation and compared it to sex-combined individuals, both in adults and juveniles, finding that differences between male and female were larger in a sex-separated scenario. Secondly, we analyzed the number of DEGs between sex-separated and sex-combined scenarios, both in males and females. In adults, both sexes showed a high number of DEGs while in juveniles only females showed differences. Additionally, the vomeronasal receptor genes were strikingly down-regulated in sex-separated adult females, whereas in juveniles up-regulation was shown for the same condition, suggesting a role of VRs in puberty onset. Finally, we described the environment-modulated plastic capacity of genes involved in reproduction, immunity and VNO functional activity, including G-protein coupled receptors. Conclusions: Our results show that sex-separation induces sex- and stage- specific gene expression differences in the VNO of male and female rabbit, both in adults and juveniles. These results bring out for the first time the plastic capacity of the rabbit VNO, supporting its functional adaptation to specifically respond to a continuous changing environment. Finally, species-specific differences and individual variability should always be considered in VNO studies and overall chemocommunication research.

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“…In fact, if on one hand, small airborne molecules may interact with the olfactory epithelium [16], on the other hand, non-volatile substances such as steroids [17], peptides [18,19], and proteins [20] can be detected only by the vomeronasal organ (VNO) [21], a partially atrophic, even if functional in many subjects, organ that has been suspected to be the primary target of olfactory steroids [22]. In this light, the expression of sex hormone binding globulin, a transport protein for estradiol and testosterone, and vitamin D binding protein and receptor in the VNO has been recently observed [23][24][25]. Furthermore, biosynthesis and metabolism of these neuroactive steroids also occur within the brain [26,27] where they are involved in limbic functions [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory-Related Quality of Life in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Genetic-Acquired Factors Model

Micarelli

Cormano²,

Caccamo³

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Genetic polymorphisms as well as environmental exposures to chemical compounds, iatrogenic, psychological, and physical trauma may play a pathophysiological role in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) olfactory complaints, given that xenobiotic metabolism is influenced by sequence variations in genes of metabolizing enzymes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to depict—by means of multiple regression analysis—how different genetic conditions, grouped according to their function as well as clinical background and environmental exposure may interfere with those olfactory complaints referred by MCS patients. Therefore, MCS patients after gene polymorphism sequencing, the olfactory-related quality of life score—calculated by means of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorder in forty-six MCS patients—have been found to significantly rely on the phase I and II enzymes score and exposure to previous compounds and surgical treatments. The present work—implementing for the first time a genetic-acquired factors model on a regression analysis—further reinforces those theories, positing MCS as a complex, multifactorial, disease in which the genetic risk related to phase I and II enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxification, olfactory, and neurodegenerative diseases play a necessary, but probably not sufficient role, along the pathophysiological route of the disease.

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Localization of sex hormone binding globulin in the rat vomeronasal organ

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Vomeronasal Receptors Associated with Circulating Estrogen Processing Chemosensory Cues in Semi-Aquatic Mammals

Vomeronasal Receptors Associated with Circulating Estrogen Processing Chemosensory Cues in Semi-Aquatic Mammals

Sex separation unveils the functional plasticity of the vomeronasal organ in rabbits

Olfactory-Related Quality of Life in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Genetic-Acquired Factors Model

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