Localization of Staphylococcus aureus in tissue from the nasal vestibule in healthy carriers

Hanssen, Anne-Merethe; Kindlund, Bert; Stenklev, Niels Christian; Furberg, Anne‐Sofie; Fismen, Silje; Olsen, Renate Slind; Johannessen, Mona; Sollid, Johanna U. Ericson

doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0997-3

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The bacterial isolate was S. aureus which could be from milk handlers that lacked appropriate protective wear and good hygienic practices (Table 3). Evidently, S. aureus is a commensal bacteria from nasal passages of healthy humans (Hanssen et al 2017), and during coughing or sneezing, the bacteria shed into milk. Aside from humans, S. aureus and CoNS could be associated with sub-clinical mastitis which is common in milking cows in Uganda (Kateete et al 2013;Kasozi et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda

et al. 2020

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The informal milk value chain in Uganda controls most of the raw marketed milk, albeit of poor quality. A study was conducted to assess the milk handling practices, the bacterial quality and the associated health concerns of raw milk along the informal milk value in Nakasongola District. The cross-sectional study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain information from key players. The qualitative data was categorized and presented into emerging themes. Bacterial contamination of 200 milk samples was determined by morphological and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done by the disc diffusion method. Hand milking was carried out mainly by men (92.5%), and most never or rarely practised hand washing (67.5%) during milking. Milk was mainly delivered to mobile milk-collecting centres located under tree shades (50%). The quality of raw milk was affected by poor hygienic, handling and transportation practices. Most participants (75%) were aware of the dangers of drinking raw milk and the requirements to transport milk in metallic cans. Viable bacterial counts above the recommended limit were recorded in 76 samples (38%) that included Staphylococcus aureus (46%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (29%), Escherichia coli (12%), Streptococcus agalactiae (8%) and Salmonella spp. (5%). The overall antibiotic resistance was 45% (34/76), which included resistant isolates of S. aureus (17/34), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (11/22), S. agalactiae (3/6), Salmonella spp. (2/4) and E. coli (2/9). The raw milk contaminated with antibiotic drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is of public health concern. Thus, measures to improve the quality of milk need to be designed for the pastoral community in Nakasongola district.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda

et al. 2020

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“…Given the obvious hygiene differences between macaques and humans, it will still be important to determine potential host immune differences that might permit an elevated yet asymptomatic S. aureus load in the nasal mucosa. Future studies that should be feasible in pig-tailed macaques include the determination of anti-S. aureus antibody profiles, intracellular S. aureus levels in the nasal epidermis of macaque noses (43), and identification of infiltrating immune cell populations during S. aureus carriage and upon its resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina) as a Model of Human Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage

et al. 2018

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nasal carriage is a common condition affecting both healthy and immunocompromised populations and provides a reservoir for dissemination of potentially infectious strains by casual contact. The factors regulating the onset and duration of nasal colonization are mostly unknown, and a human-relevant animal model is needed. Here, we screened 17 pig-tailed macaques () for carriage, and 14 of 17 animals tested positive in the nose at one or both screening sessions (8 weeks apart), while the other 3 animals were negative in the nose but positive in the pharynx at least once. As in humans, colonization was densest in the nose, and treatment of the nostrils with mupirocin ointment effectively cleared the nostrils and 6 extranasal body sites. Experimental nasal colonization was established with 10 CFU/nostril, and both autologous and nonautologous strains survived over 40 days without any apparent adverse effects. A human nasal isolate (strain D579, sequence type 398) was carried in 4 of 6 animals for over 3 weeks. Nostrils that did eradicate experimentally applied exhibited neutrophilic innate immunity marked by elevated nasal interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 levels and a 10-fold decreased IL-1 receptor antagonist/IL-1β ratio within 7 days postinoculation, analogous to the human condition. Taken together, pig-tailed macaques represent a physiological model of human nasal carriage that may be utilized for testing natural colonization and decolonization mechanisms as well as novel classes of anti- therapeutics.

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“…there is growing evidence demonstrating intracellular S. aureus in tissue cells in vivo. For example, intracellular bacteria were identified in human tonsils (Zautner et al, 2010), nasal polyps (Hayes et al, 2015), within in the nasal mucosa of patients with recurrent sinusitis (Clement et al, 2005;Ou et al, 2016;Plouin-Gaudon et al, 2006) and even within nasal vestibule tissue samples from healthy carriers (Hanssen et al, 2017). Infected cells therefore form bacterial reservoirs, which are hypothesized to account for bacterial persistence in the host and recurrence of disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

In or out: Phagosomal escape ofStaphylococcus aureus

Moldovan

Fraunholz

2019

Cellular Microbiology

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Staphylococcus aureus is internalised by host cells in vivo, and recent research results suggest that the bacteria use this intracellularity to persist in the host and form a reservoir for recurrent infections. However, in different cells types, the pathogen resorts to alternative strategies to survive phagocytosis and the antimicrobial mechanisms of host cells. In non‐professional phagocytes, S. aureus either escapes the endosome followed by cytoplasmic replication or replicates within autophagosomes. Professional phagocytes possess a limited capacity to kill S. aureus and hence the bacteria, well equipped with immune evasive mechanisms, replicate within the cells, eventually lyse out of the cells and thus persist in a continuous cycle of phagocytosis, host cell death, and bacterial release.

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Localization of Staphylococcus aureus in tissue from the nasal vestibule in healthy carriers

Cited by 53 publications

References 51 publications

Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda

Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda

Evaluation of the Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina) as a Model of Human Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage

In or out: Phagosomal escape ofStaphylococcus aureus

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