Localization of the Brain Lesion Affects the Lateralization of T‐Lymphocyte Dependent Cutaneous Inflammation. Evidence for an Immunoregulatory Role of the Right Frontal Cortex–Putamen Region

Tarkowski, E; Jensen, Christer; Ekholm, Sven; Ekelund, P.; Blomstrand, Christian; Tarkowski, Andrzej

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00243.x

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Whether the CVA was distant or recent likewise did not seem to affect the skin response to DHT. These results are at variance with those of Tarkowski et al (2)(3)(4)(5)13). However, the lateralization of the PPD response in the studies of Tarkowski et al mainly appeared in subgroup analyses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes is innervated by autonomic nerve fibers, and lymphocytes possess receptors for neuropeptides and neurotransmitters (2). Whether immune responsiveness varies between areas with intact and impaired innervation is a question that has been studied in subjects with unilateral cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (2)(3)(4)(5). In these European studies, purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin was administered in both arms of each subject, and the cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was used as a measure of antigen-specific T-lymphocyte reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skin Response to Delayed Hypersensitivity Testing in Persons With Unilateral Stroke-related Paresis: Implications for People With Spinal Cord Injury

Trautner

Zimmermann²,

Darouiche³

2007

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Background: Vaccination rates among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) could be improved if it can be shown that vaccination performed on insensate areas is effective. This would eliminate the the risk of discomfort and soreness at the injection site.Objective: To determine whether immune responsiveness varies between areas with intact and impaired innervation in patients with stroke-related paresis.Design: Prospective trial in which each subject served as his or her own control. Setting: Rehabilitation wards and long-term care units at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.Patients: Individuals with a history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) affecting 1 side of the body.Methods: The Multitest cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin were administered intradermally to each arm of each subject. Main Outcome Measures:Total millimeters of induration in response to either test and positive vs negative responses to either test were compared between the 2 arms of each subject.Results: Response to delayed hypersensitivity testing did not differ between the arms affected and unaffected by CVA in each subject, and the time since CVA also did not affect the magnitude of the skin response.Conclusions: Skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity can be effectively administered in the paretic arms of persons who have experienced CVA. Although this study was performed in patients with stroke-related impairment, it has implications for vaccine administration in individuals with SCI-related neurologic deficits.J Spinal Cord Med. 2007;30:362-365

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Response to Delayed Hypersensitivity Testing in Persons With Unilateral Stroke-related Paresis: Implications for People With Spinal Cord Injury

Trautner

Zimmermann²,

Darouiche³

2007

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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“…10 Interestingly, some small studies found a localization-dependent pattern in immune dysfunction after stroke. 27,28 However, others did not confirm this finding. 29 More importantly, previous studies investigated patients with ischemic stroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Autonomic Shift and Increased Susceptibility to Infections After Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Sýkora

Diedler

Poli

et al. 2011

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-High infection rate after severe stroke may partly relate to brain-induced immunodepression syndrome. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of autonomic shift in increased susceptibility to infection after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods-We retrospectively analyzed 62 selected patients with acute ICH from our prospective database. Autonomic shift was assessed using the cross-correlational baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). The occurrence and cause of in-hospital infections were assessed based on the clinical and laboratory courses. Demographic and clinical data including initial stroke severity, hemorrhage volume, intraventricular blood extension, history of aspiration, and invasive procedures such as mechanical ventilation, surgical hematoma evacuation, external ventricular drainage, central venous and urinary catheters, and nasogastric feeding were recorded and included in the analysis. Results-We identified 36 (58%) patients with infection during the first 5 days of hospital stay. Patients with infections had significantly lower BRS, higher initial NIHSS scores, larger hemorrhages, and more frequently had intraventricular blood extension and underwent invasive procedures. In the multivariate regression model, decreased BRS (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.91; Pϭ0.02) and invasive procedures (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.5-3.6; PϽ0.001) remained independent predictors for an infection after ICH. Conclusions-Decreased BRS was independently associated with infections after ICH. Autonomic shift may play an important role in increased susceptibility to infections after acute brain injury including ICH. The possible therapeutic relevance of autonomic modulation warrants further studies. (Stroke. 2011;42:1218-1223.)

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“…The results of the regulatory effect of the asymmetry of brain hemispheres on cellular reactions were obtained by other authors, too. Tarkowski et al [28,29] demonstrated that patients with a stroke with left hemiparesis had a significantly greater DTH response on the affected side than patients with right hemiparesis. While conducting a more detailed study, the authors showed that infarcts encompassing the frontal lobe-putamen led to significantly large DTH responses on the paretic side compared to the contralateral side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Asymmetry of Nervous and Immune Systems in the Formation of Cellular Immunity of (CBaxC57Bl/6) F1 Mice

Gontova¹,

Abramov²,

Va³

2004

Neuroimmunomodulation

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We have previously shown the existence of functional asymmetry of the immune system and the role of brain hemispheres and different lobes of thymus in the development of humoral immune response in (CBA×C57Bl/6) F1 mice. The role of asymmetry of the nervous and immune systems in the formation of the cellular immune response [delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction] in these mice has been studied in our work. In order to test the influence of asymmetry of the primary immune organs, thymus, on the cellular immune response, mice were thymectomized and then we studied the effect of the injection of cells from contralateral thymus lobes of right-dominant and left-dominant donors by motor asymmetry on how pronounced the DTH reaction in the back left paw was. The injection of thymocytes from right-dominant donors appeared to result in significant differences in DTH reaction between left- and right-handed mice. At the same time, our experiments failed to discover any pronounced role of thymus asymmetry in the formation of DTH reaction. In order to test the influence of asymmetry of peripheral immune organs, regional lymph nodes, on the regulation of cellular immune response, we compared the DTH reaction in left and right paws of mice. We found that the intensity of the DTH reaction to sheep red blood cells in the front paws of (CBA×C57Bl/6) F1 mice depends not only on whether the antigen is injected into the left or right paw but also on the motor asymmetry of the hemispheres. While comparing the DTH reaction in the back left and right paw of mice we showed that in both right- and left-handed mice it was much more pronounced in the left paw than in the right one. The data obtained testify to the functional asymmetry of bilateral lymph nodes located near the forming cellular immune reaction. Thus, the results obtained show that the intensity of DTH reaction in (CBA×C57Bl/6) F1 mice depends on the functional asymmetry of regional lymph nodes and motor of brain hemispheres. The thymus functional asymmetry is of slight importance in DTH reaction.

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Localization of the Brain Lesion Affects the Lateralization of T‐Lymphocyte Dependent Cutaneous Inflammation. Evidence for an Immunoregulatory Role of the Right Frontal Cortex–Putamen Region

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Skin Response to Delayed Hypersensitivity Testing in Persons With Unilateral Stroke-related Paresis: Implications for People With Spinal Cord Injury

Skin Response to Delayed Hypersensitivity Testing in Persons With Unilateral Stroke-related Paresis: Implications for People With Spinal Cord Injury

Autonomic Shift and Increased Susceptibility to Infections After Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

The Role of Asymmetry of Nervous and Immune Systems in the Formation of Cellular Immunity of (CBaxC57Bl/6) F1 Mice

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