Localization of the Gene for Sclerosteosis to the van Buchem Disease–Gene Region on Chromosome 17q12–q21

Balemans, Wendy; Ende, Jenneke van den; Paes-Alves, Auristela Freire; Dikkers, Frederik G.; Willems, Patrick J.; Vanhoenacker, Filip; Almeida-Melo, Neli de; Alves, Cristiane Freire; Stratakis, Constantine A.; Hill, Suvimol; Hul, Wim Van

doi:10.1086/302416

Cited by 123 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The mutations do not have any effect on the functioning of the protein but rather disrupt the ligand binding of the extracellular inhibitors DKK1 and sclerostin (120,121,122), in which a short binding motif was found by structure analysis (123). The latter protein was identified by positional cloning for two other sclerosing bone disorders, Van Buchem disease and sclerosteosis (124,125,126,127). The radiographic picture in these patients is very reminiscent to HBM.…”

Section: Identification Of the Role Of The Lrp5 Gene In Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics in Endocrinology: Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis revisited: lessons from recent studies

Bollerslev

Henriksen

Nielsen

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Systematic studies of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) were followed by the identification of underlying mutations giving unique possibilities to perform translational studies. What was previously designated ADO1 turned out to be a high bone mass phenotype caused by a missense mutation in the first propeller of LRP5, a region of importance for binding inhibitory proteins. Thereby, ADO1 cannot be regarded as a classical form of osteopetrosis but must now be considered a disease of LRP5 activation. ADO (Albers-Schönberg disease, or previously ADO2) is characterized by increased number of osteoclasts and a defect in the chloride transport system (ClC-7) of importance for acidification of the resorption lacuna (a form of Chloride Channel 7 Deficiency Osteopetrosis). Ex vivo studies of osteoclasts from ADO have shown that cells do form normally but have reduced resorption capacity and an expanded life span. Bone formation seems normal despite decreased osteoclast function. Uncoupling of formation from resorption makes ADO of interest for new strategies for treatment of osteoporosis. Recent studies have integrated bone metabolism in whole-body energy homeostasis. Patients with ADO may have decreased insulin levels indicating importance beyond bone metabolism. There seems to be a paradigm shift in the treatment of osteoporosis. Targeting ClC-7 might introduce a new principle of dual action. Drugs affecting ClC-7 could be antiresorptive, still allowing ongoing bone formation. Inversely, drugs affecting the inhibitory site of LRP5 might stimulate bone formation and inhibit resorption. Thereby, these studies have highlighted several intriguing treatment possibilities, employing novel modes of action, which could provide benefits to the treatment of osteoporosis.

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Section: Identification Of the Role Of The Lrp5 Gene In Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics in Endocrinology: Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis revisited: lessons from recent studies

Bollerslev

Henriksen

Nielsen

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Sclerosteosis differs from van Buchem disease because it is more severe and is associated with hand malformations such as syndactyly, absent or dysplastic nails, and radial deviation of the terminal phalanges (Balemans et al 2005). Both diseases were mapped to the same region of chromosome 17q12-21 in the late 1990s (Van Hul et al 1998;Balemans et al 1999), and positional cloning studies identified recessive loss-of-function mutations in Sclerostin (SOST) gene as the cause of Sclerosteosis in 2001 (Balemans et al 2001;Brunkow et al 2001). Interestingly, mutation screening of SOST in patients with van Buchem disease showed no mutations, but a homozygous 52-Kb deletion was identified 35 Kb downstream from SOST as the cause of this condition (Balemans et al 2002b).…”

Section: Sclerostinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic regulation of bone mass and susceptibility to osteoporosis

Ralston¹,

Crombrugghe²

2006

Genes Dev.

293

229

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Osteoporosis is a common disease with a strong genetic component characterized by reduced bone mass and increased risk of fragility fractures. Twin and family studies have shown that the heritability of bone mineral density (BMD) and other determinants of fracture risksuch as ultrasound properties of bone, skeletal geometry, and bone turnover-is high, although heritability of fracture is modest. Many different genetic variants of modest effect size are likely to contribute to the regulation of these phenotypes by interacting with environmental factors such as diet and exercise. Linkage studies in rare Mendelian bone diseases have identified several previously unknown genes that play key roles in regulating bone mass and bone turnover. In many instances, subtle polymorphisms in these genes have also been found to regulate BMD in the general population. Although there has been extensive progress in identifying the genetic variants that regulate susceptibility to osteoporosis, most of the genes and genetic variants that regulate bone mass and susceptibility to osteoporosis remain to be discovered.Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass, alterations in the microarchitecture of bone tissue, reduced bone strength, and an increased risk of fracture (Kanis et al. 1994). Osteoporosis is a common condition that affects up to 30% of women and 12% of men at some point in life. The prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age due to an imbalance in the rate at which bone is removed and replaced during the bone remodeling cycle, which is an important physiological process that is essential for maintenance of a healthy skeleton. Many factors influence the risk of osteoporosis-including diet, physical activity, medication use, and coexisting diseases-but one of the most important clinical risk factors is a positive family history, emphasizing the importance of genetics in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In this article, we first review the evidence for a genetic contribution to osteoporosis and related phenotypes, and discuss the mechanisms by which mutations and polymorphisms in genes that regulate susceptibility to osteoporosis affect major signaling pathways in bone. Genetic influences on osteoporosisGenetic factors have long been recognized as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Evidence from twin and family studies suggests that between 50% and 85% of the variance in peak bone mass is genetically determined, depending on skeletal site and the age of the subjects studied (Smith et al. 1973;Pocock et al. 1987;Krall and Dawson-Hughes 1993;Gueguen et al. 1995). Heritability studies have also shown evidence of significant genetic effects on other key determinants of osteoporotic fracture risk, including quantitative ultrasound properties of bone (Arden et al. 1996), femoral neck geometry (Arden et al. 1996), muscle strength (Arden and Spector 1997), bone turnover markers (Hunter et al. 2001), and body mass index (Kaprio et al. 1995). The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of bon...

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“…In humans, lack of sclerostin causes sclerosteosis, a generalized skeletal hyperostosis disorder that results from elevated Wnt signaling/osteoblast activity [108,135], while non-coding deletions of gene regulatory regions that control SOST expression result in similar phenotypes [83,88]. In animal models, overexpression of human SOST causes osteopenia and limb defects [136,137], while lack of Sost in knockout mice causes 3-4 times more bone mass, consistent with human phenotypes [83].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Determining the Role of Sost and Sostdc1 During Fracture Healing

Yee¹

2016

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Localization of the Gene for Sclerosteosis to the van Buchem Disease–Gene Region on Chromosome 17q12–q21

Cited by 123 publications

References 25 publications

Genetics in Endocrinology: Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis revisited: lessons from recent studies

Genetics in Endocrinology: Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis revisited: lessons from recent studies

Genetic regulation of bone mass and susceptibility to osteoporosis

Determining the Role of Sost and Sostdc1 During Fracture Healing

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