Localization of the neuropeptide NGIWYamide in the holothurian nervous system and its effects on muscular contraction

Inoue, Masahide; Birenheide, Rïdiger; Koizumi, Osamu; Kobayakawa, Yoshitaka; Muneoka, Yojiro; Motokawa, Tatsuo

doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0735

Cited by 54 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The NGFFFamide precursor was discovered on account of the sequence similarity that NGFFFamide shares with NGIWYamide, a myoactive neuropeptide that is a potent inducer of oocyte maturation and spawning in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Phylum Echinodermata) (Iwakoshi et al, 1995;Inoue et al, 1999;Kato et al, 2009). It is not known, however, how and when the association of neurophysin with NGFFFamide-like neuropeptides originated.…”

Section: Thus Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

NG peptides: A novel family of neurophysin-associated neuropeptides

Elphick¹

2010

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Neurophysins are prohormone-derived polypeptides that are required for biosynthesis of the neurohypophyseal hormones vasopressin and oxytocin. Accordingly, mutations in the neurophysin domain of the human vasopressin gene can cause diabetes insipidus. The association of neurophysins with vasopressin/oxytocintype peptides dates back to the common ancestor of bilaterian animals and until recently it was thought to be unique. This textbook perspective on neurophysins changed with the discovery of a gene in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

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Section: Thus Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

NG peptides: A novel family of neurophysin-associated neuropeptides

Elphick¹

2010

Gene

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“…The changes in mechanical properties are controlled through nerves. Neuropeptides that stiffen or soften the holothurian catch connective tissue have been found in sea cucumbers (Birenheid et al, 1998;Inoue et al, 1999). The scenario so far proposed is that nerves control the secretory activities of some cells whose secretion(s) causes changes in the number of cross-links between extracellular macromolecules and thus stiffens or softens catch connective tissues (Wilkie et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensilin-like stiffening protein fromHolothuria leucospilotadoes not induce the stiffest state of catch connective tissue

Tamori

Yamada

Nishida

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The dermis of sea cucumbers is a catch connective tissue or mutable connective tissue that exhibits large changes in mechanical properties. A stiffening protein, tensilin, has been isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. We purified a similar protein, H-tensilin, from Holothuria leucospilota, which belongs to a different family to C. frondosa. H-tensilin appeared as a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 34 kDa on SDS-PAGE. No sugar chain was detected. Tryptic fragments of the protein had homology to known tensilin. H-tensilin aggregated isolated collagen fibrils in vitro in a buffer containing 0.5 mol l–1 NaCl with or without 10 mmol l–1 Ca2+. The activity of H-tensilin was quantitatively studied by dynamic mechanical tests on the isolated dermis. H-tensilin increased stiffness of the dermis in the soft state, induced by Ca2+-free artificial seawater, to a level comparable to that of the standard state, which was the state found in the dermis rested in artificial seawater with normal ionic condition. H-tensilin decreased the energy dissipation ratio of the soft dermis to a level comparable to that of the standard state. When H-tensilin was applied on the dermis in the standard state, it did not alter stiffness nor dissipation ratio. The subsequent application of artificial seawater in which the potassium concentration was raised to 100 mmol l–1increased stiffness by one order of magnitude. These findings suggest that H-tensilin is involved in the changes from the soft state to the standard state and that some stiffening factors other than tensilin are necessary for the changes from the standard to the stiff state.

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“…Muscle preparations from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus have been used as bioassays to screen for myoactive neuropeptides in echinoderms (Elphick, 2012;Inoue et al, 1999;Iwakoshi et al, 1995;Ohtani et al, 1999). Two SALMFamide-type neuropeptides were identified as muscle relaxants and the pentapeptide Asn-Gly-Ile-Trp-Tyr-NH 2 (NGIWYamide) was identified as a muscle contractant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a novel neurophysin-associated neuropeptide that triggers cardiac stomach contraction and retraction in starfish

Semmens

Dane

Pancholi

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYFeeding in starfish is a remarkable process in which the cardiac stomach is everted over prey and then retracted when prey tissue has been resorbed. Previous studies have revealed that SALMFamide-type neuropeptides trigger cardiac stomach relaxation and eversion in the starfish Asterias rubens. We hypothesized, therefore, that a counteracting neuropeptide system controls cardiac stomach contraction and retraction. Members of the NG peptide family cause muscle contraction in other echinoderms (e.g. NGFFFamide in sea urchins and NGIWYamide in sea cucumbers), so we investigated NG peptides as candidate regulators of cardiac stomach retraction in starfish. Generation and analysis of neural transcriptome sequence data from A. rubens revealed a precursor protein comprising two copies of a novel NG peptide, NGFFYamide, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry. A noteworthy feature of the NGFFYamide precursor is a C-terminal neurophysin domain, indicative of a common ancestry with vasopressin/oxytocin-type neuropeptide precursors. Interestingly, in precursors of other NG peptides the neurophysin domain has been retained (e.g. NGFFFamide) or lost (e.g. NGIWYamide and human neuropeptide S) and its functional significance remains to be determined. Investigation of the pharmacological actions of NGFFYamide in starfish revealed that it is a potent stimulator of cardiac stomach contraction in vitro and that it triggers cardiac stomach retraction in vivo. Thus, discovery of NGFFYamide provides a novel insight into neural regulation of cardiac stomach retraction as well as a rationale for chemically based strategies to control starfish that feed on economically important shellfish (e.g. mussels) or protected marine fauna (e.g. coral). Supplementary material available online at

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Localization of the neuropeptide NGIWYamide in the holothurian nervous system and its effects on muscular contraction

Cited by 54 publications

References 15 publications

NG peptides: A novel family of neurophysin-associated neuropeptides

NG peptides: A novel family of neurophysin-associated neuropeptides

Tensilin-like stiffening protein fromHolothuria leucospilotadoes not induce the stiffest state of catch connective tissue

Discovery of a novel neurophysin-associated neuropeptide that triggers cardiac stomach contraction and retraction in starfish

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