Localization of the photoperiodic perception in potatoes

Hammes, P. S.; Beyers, E. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02360596

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Exposure of leaves to red light during the long dark periods increased the synthesis of gibberellins by short day plants and suggested an involvement of phytochrome. This result also suggests a possible reason for the effects of light quality on stem extension mentioned above (see also Hammes and Beyers, 1973). …”

Section: Effects Of Temperature Radiation and Photoperiodsupporting

confidence: 60%

The physiology of growth and tuber yield

Moorby¹

1978

The Potato Crop

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In the past decade there have been several books and reviews which have considered the physiology of potatoes (Ivins and Mil thorpe, 1963;Burton, 1966;Milthorpe and Moorby, 1967;Moorby and Milthorpe, 1975). The first two of these were concerned, in part, with trying to put the study of the potato crop on a firm fundamental basis. The second two reviews reported how this work was proceeding. It seems appropriate for the purposes of this book to describe the present state of our knowledge of potato physiology and, probably more important, to discuss how our attitudes and research priorities have changed and suggest areas where we appear to need further information.Discussions such as this have usually started with the dormant tuber and subsequent development of sprouts during storage. I believe that basic physiology of sprout growth is now well understood and I intend to devote more attention to non-storage growth. The first, and major part of the chapter will be concerned, therefore, with growth in the field and the development of the crop of tubers. Physiological aspects of storage will then be considered and sprout growth discussed in terms of its management for different purposes. Growth in the field Pre-emergence growthThe potato is different from most other major annual crops in that it is usually propagated vegetatively. The seed tuber bears a number of sprouts, some or all of which may be growing. It is these growing sprouts which produce the daughter plant and the subsequent crop and, unless P. M. Harris (ed.), The Potato Crop

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Section: Effects Of Temperature Radiation and Photoperiodsupporting

confidence: 60%

The physiology of growth and tuber yield

Moorby¹

1978

The Potato Crop

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“…Hammes and Beyers (12) found that the photoperiodic stimulus was perceived by old leaves as well as young leaves. Whatever its origin, the tuberization stimulus is present in all mature leaves of induced plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoot, Stolon, and Tuber Formation on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cuttings in Response to Photoperiod

Ewing¹,

Wareing²

1978

Plant Physiol.

115

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The intensity of "tuberization stimulus" in potato shoots (Solanum tuberosum L.) can be assessed from cuttings containing one or more leaves. Cuttings maintained in a mist chamber under long days wil form tubers from underground buds If prior to taking the cutting the leaves received sufficient exposure to photoperiods less than the critical photoperiod. The greatest tendency to tuberize was found in cuttings that consisted of a single, fully expanded leaf and its subtended bud. Grafts showed that genetical differences in critical photoperiod resided in properties of the leaf. Short days before cutking tended to shift growth from above ground buds of two-node cuttings to below ground buds, even if the number of short days was insufficient for tuber induction. As few as 6 short days reduced growth of shoots at the upper bud and increased underground growth of shoots and stolons.however, and this trait can be accentuated by breeding (9, 21). In addition to short days, the tuberization stimulus is favored by cool temperatures (3, 11,22,24), by low rather than high rates of N fertilization (24), and by "physiologically old" mother tubers (15,18).Grafting experiments (5, 10), especially the demonstration that even a small piece of stem from an induced plant is capable of transmitting the tuberization stimulus (14), suggest that the stimulus is hormonal in nature. The exact identity of the hormone(s), although extensively investigated, has yet to be established.In this paper we report on the relationships between the exposure of potato foliage to particular photoperiods, the genetically determined CPP, and the levels of tuberization stimulus as reflected by tuberization of cuttings. We show that the CPP characteristic of a given clone is a function of properties of the leaf, not of the underground growing point; and we present evidence that short days shift growth from above ground to below ground buds, even if the number of short days is insufficient for tuber induction. Although potato tubers ordinarily form on underground stolons, every axillary bud on a potato stem has the potential to develop a tuber. Nearly a century ago, Vochting (23) demonstrated that sessile tubers developed at the covered nodes when cut pieces of stem were inserted into soil. He also showed that tuber formation was promoted by darkness and moisture. Recent evidence (16,17) suggests that elevated CO2 levels may also favor tuberization at below ground rather than above ground buds. However, tubers do not always develop even from underground buds of cuttings. As with whole plants, tuberization of cuttings is apparently controlled by an unknown "tuberization stimulus" (5,10,19 MATERIALS AND METHODS Clones. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L., Group Andigena) clones used in this study were obtained through the Cornell University program to select from an Andigena population lines that have Tuberosum-like characteristics (6). Andigena accessions were screened to obtain three clones with CPP of approximately 12 to 13 hr. Populations of "Neo-Tuber...

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“…In these cases GA3 inhibition was a prevention response. There is evidence that buds are one of the tuber programming centers and that GA accumulates here to regulate the degree of induction (7,13). The data presented in this investigation suggest that GA3 can act to reverse biochemical events of tuberization after their initiation, as well as to prevent the onset of the induction of tuber protein synthesis in plant organs which are capable of tuber protein and starch accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Regulation of Potato Tuber Protein Accumulation by Gibberellic Acid

Hannapel¹,

Miller²,

Park³

1985

Plant Physiol.

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Many studies have shown that gibberellic acid (GA3) inhibits tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In this study, we have utilized the 40 kilodalton glycoprotein, patatin, as a marker for biochemical events associated with the process of tuberization. To determine the effects of exogenous applications of GA3 on the induction of the accumulation of this major tuber protein, we measured patatin levels in tubers from treated whole plants, petioles from a single-node cutting system with GA3 applied in a lanolin paste, and stolon tips cultured in vitro on an inductive medium supplemented with GA3. In all three systems, GA3 inhibited the accumulation of patatin and the major 15 and 22 kilodalton tuber proteins. This effect appeared to be selective since most of the other proteins were not affected and, in tubers, at least one protein was stimulated by GA3. These results suggest that GA3 can reverse biochemical events of tuberization in tubers as well as prevent the accumulation of the major tuber proteins in other inducible tissues.

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Localization of the photoperiodic perception in potatoes

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

The physiology of growth and tuber yield

The physiology of growth and tuber yield

Shoot, Stolon, and Tuber Formation on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cuttings in Response to Photoperiod

Regulation of Potato Tuber Protein Accumulation by Gibberellic Acid

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