Localization of the rabies virus antigen in Merkel cells in the follicle-sinus complexes of muzzle skins of rabid dogs

Follicle-sinus complexes in muzzle skin of domestic and wild animals as diagnostic material for detection of rabies

“…Therefore, it was suggested that MCs of FSCs of the muzzle skin are target cells for viral infection by rabies in wolf, cat, fox, and bat. These results were similar to those of our previously reported study on rabid dogs [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], and it was thus concluded that our novel diagnostic method using FSCs might be a very useful alternative method for diagnosis of rabies not only in domestic but also wild animals. However, the number of animals examined in this study was very small.…”

“…These results were similar to those of our previously reported study on rabid dogs [9][10][11], and it was thus concluded that our novel diagnostic method using FSCs might be a very useful 7 alternative method for diagnosis of rabies not only in domestic but also wild animals.…”

“…Recently, we reported that follicle-sinus complexes (FSCs) in the muzzle skin could be a useful diagnostic material of rabid dogs [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Each FSC is known to be equipped with more than 2,000 sensory nerve endings [ 4 ]; therefore, it was thought that FSCs could be utilized as an alternative postmortem diagnostic material in dogs.…”

Pathological lesions in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues of <i>dd</i>Y mice with street rabies virus (1088 strain)

“…For detection of rabies virus antigens and cell type in tissues, the following antibodies were used: rabbit polyclonal rabies phosphoprotein (anti-P) [29], rabbit polyclonal ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, Wako), rabbit polyclonal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; Nichirei Biosciences Inc., Tokyo, Japan), rabbit polyclonal CD3 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, U.S.A.), rabbit polyclonal CD20 (Spring Biosciences, Fremont, CA, U.S.A.) and mouse monoclonal neurofilament protein (NF; Agilent Technologies). After deparaffinization, sections were treated with 0.25% trypsin at room temperature for 30 min for anti-P detection; 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) in a water bath at 95°C for 30 min for Iba1 detection; 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) in a microwave oven at 750 W for 5 min for detection CD20; Histofine ® pH 9.0 (Nichirei Biosciences) in a microwave oven at 750 W for 5 min for CD3 detection; and Proteinase-K (Agilent Technologies) at room temperature for 30 min for NF detection.…”

Study on the Role of Histochemical Stains in Identifying Merkel Cells in Dogs

“…They are also scattered within some parts of the ectoderm‐derived mucosa where they appear to have endocrine and chemosensitive functions, such as influencing blood flow, coordinating and promoting keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, and modulating inflammatory responses (Tachibana and Nawa, ; Eispert et al, ; Maricich et al, ; Ramirez et al, ). MCs are also considered to be involved in some diseases, such as pemphigus vulgaris and graft‐versus‐host rejection in humans, rabies in dogs, and cutaneous neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) tumor in humans, dogs, and cats (Boulais et al, ; Gil da Costa et al, ; Dohata et al, ; Shimatsu et al, ). Because the isolation and culture of normal MCs is difficult related to they appear to be quite scarce in the epidermis and are difficult to maintain for more than two weeks, it is well standardized in most studies the use of full‐thickness skin samples containing all epidermal cells (Boulais et al, ).…”