Localization of the viral antigen of feline immunodeficiency virus in the lymph nodes of cats at the early stage of infection

Toyosaki, Tomoko; Miyazawa, Takayuki; Furuya, Tetsuya; Tomonaga, Keizō; Shin, Yeon-Sil; Okita, Masatsugu; Kawaguchi, Yasushi; Cui, Kai; Mori, Shigeki; Mikami, Takeshi

doi:10.1007/bf01378636

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…FIV infection of mucosal DC has not yet been shown, although FIV RNA and antigen have been found in association with lymphoid follicular DC (5,38,80), as has been observed in HIV-infected people (19,28,78). Taken (75), who reported that the first SIV-infected cells were in the vaginal mucosa and were morphologically compatible with DC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Early Pathogenesis of Transmucosal Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Obert

Hoover

2002

J Virol

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To identify the early target cells and tissues in transmucosal feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection, cats were exposed to a clade C FIV isolate via the oral-nasal or vaginal mucosa and multiple tissues were examined by virus isolation coculture (VI), DNA PCR, catalyzed tyramide signal-amplified in situ hybridization (TSA-ISH), and immunohistochemistry between days 1 and 12 postinoculation (p.i.). FIV RNA was detected in tonsil and oral or vaginal mucosa as early as 1 day p.i. by TSA-ISH and in retropharyngeal, tracheobronchial, or external iliac lymph nodes and sometimes in spleen or blood mononuclear cells by day 2, indicating that regional and distant spread of virus-infected cells occurred rapidly after mucosal exposure. By day 8, viral RNA, DNA, and culturable virus were uniformly detected in regional and distant tissues, connoting systemic infection. TSA-ISH proved more sensitive than DNA PCR in detecting early FIV-infected cells. In mucosal tissues, the earliest demonstrable FIV-bearing cells were either within or subjacent to the mucosal epithelium or were in germinal centers of regional lymph nodes. The FIV ؉ cells were of either of two morphological types, large stellate or small round. Those FIV RNA ؉ cells which could be colabeled for a phenotype marker, were labeled for either dendritic-cell-associated protein p55 or T-lymphocyte receptor antigen CD3. These studies indicate that FIV crosses mucous membranes within hours after exposure and rapidly traffics via dendritic and T cells to systemic lymphoid tissues, a pathway similar to that thought to occur in the initial phase of infection by the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Early Pathogenesis of Transmucosal Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Obert

Hoover

2002

J Virol

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“…An increase in macrophages and follicular dendritic-like cells in the germinal centers was an interesting finding suggestive of the prevalence in vivo of FIV and of its ability to infect persistently. FIV antigen was detected in the follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) [43], which implied that FDC disseminated the virus even in the presence of neutralizing antibody. FDCs and macrophages may play an important role in transmission and establishment of the viral prevalence in vivo in the early stage of infection [13,38,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of T-Cell Subsets in the Lymph Nodes from Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Endo

Matsumura

Washizu

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Alterations of T-cell subsets in the lymph nodes from FIV-infected cats in various clinical disease stages were examined histologically. In the early stage of infection (AP stage), follicular hyperplasia accompanied by expansion of the paracortical area was observed. Follicular involution and depletion with reduced paracortical area was observed in the ARC and AIDS stage nodes. The maximum section area of the entire popliteal lymph node was expanded significantly in the AP nodes. The paracortical area expanded in the AP nodes and decreased in the ARC and AIDS stage nodes. The cell density in the paracortical area in the AP nodes did not show a significant increase, while there was a significant reduction in the ARC and AIDS stage nodes. The lymph node CD4/CD8 ratio in the AP and ARC stages significantly decreased as compared with that of uninfected control cats, but conversion of the ratio was not seen. The estimated total numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + cells in the maximum section were increased in the AP stage but significantly decreased in the ARC and AIDS stages. Our study indicated that the lymphocyte depletion in the terminal ARC and AIDS stages of FIV infection was associated with both CD4 + cells and CD8 + cells. Findings obtained in this study might provide useful information for studying the pathophysiology of FIV infection. -KEY WORDS: CD4, CD8, feline immunodeficiency virus, lymph node.

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“…Additional slides from each lion were labeled immunohistochemically for FeLV and FIV using previously published methods. 11,15 Data pertaining to sex, age at diagnosis, clinical signs (splenomegaly, weight loss, and other clinical signs), serological status for FeLV and FIV, organs affected (ie, tumor topography) at the time of necropsy, and lymphoma immunophenotype were compared using chi-square statistical analyses. A P value of <.05 was considered significant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%