Localization of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its Receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in Bovine Placentomes from Implantation Until Term

Pfarrer, Christiane; Ruziwa, S.D.; Winther, Henrik; Callesen, Henrik; Leiser, Rudolf; Schams, D.; Dantzer, V.

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2005.09.004

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This striking difference is likely due to the major differences in the placental physiology between these two species. For cows, VEGF, FLT1, and/or KDR proteins were immunolocalized in placentomes before, around, and after the time of implantation (Pfarrer et al 2006). Thus, these data indicate that for several species, changes in VEGF and VEGFR expression in placenta occur very early in pregnancy, indicating that the VEGF system is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and likely other processes during early pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: vascular growth and expression of angiogenic factors in maternal placenta

Grazul-Bilska¹,

Borowicz²,

Johnson³

et al. 2010

Reproduction

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Placental vascular development (angiogenesis) is critical for placental function and thus for normal embryonic/fetal growth and development. Specific environmental factors or use of assisted reproductive techniques may result in poor placental angiogenesis, which may contribute to embryonic losses and/or fetal growth retardation. Uterine tissues were collected on days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 after mating and on day 10 after estrus (nonpregnant controls) to determine vascular development and expression of several factors involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in the endometrium. Compared with controls, several measurements of endometrial vascularity increased (P!0.001) including vascular labeling index (LI; proportion of proliferating cells), the tissue area occupied by capillaries, area per capillary (capillary size), total capillary circumference per unit of tissue area, and expression of factor VIII (marker of endothelial cells), but capillary number decreased (P!0.001). Compared with controls, mRNA for placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, angiopoietins (ANGPT) 1 and 2, ANGPT receptor TEK, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1a increased (P!0.05) during early pregnancy. Vascular LI was positively correlated (P!0.05) with several measurements of vascularity and with mRNA expression of angiogenic factors. These data indicate that endometrial angiogenesis, manifested by increased vascularity and increased expression of several factors involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, is initiated very early in pregnancy. This more complete description of early placental angiogenesis may provide the foundation for determining whether placental vascular development is altered in compromised pregnancies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: vascular growth and expression of angiogenic factors in maternal placenta

Grazul-Bilska¹,

Borowicz²,

Johnson³

et al. 2010

Reproduction

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“…LOXL2 protein is expressed in chorionic cytotrophoblasts of fetal membranes (47), and its role in the biogenesis of connective tissue makes LOXL2 a candidate fusion effector. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is a member of the angiogenic factor family and is known to play a role in placentation, in which it may control the migration of trophoblastic giant cells (48). VEGF-C also is expressed in osteoclasts, another variety of giant cells (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Macrophages Are Impaired in Chorioamnionitis, an Infectious Pathology of the Placenta

Amara

Gorvel

Baulan

et al. 2013

The Journal of Immunology

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Pregnancy is dependent on maternal–fetal tolerance that may be compromised because of infections or inflammation of the placenta. In this study, we examined whether the context of placental immune tolerance affected the functions of resident macrophages and if their functions were altered during chorioamnionitis, an infectious pathology of the placenta. Macrophages from at-term placentas expressed CD14, exhibited macrophage microbicidal functions, but were less inflammatory than monocyte-derived macrophages. Moreover, placental macrophages spontaneously matured into multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), a property not exhibited by monocyte-derived macrophages, and we detected MGCs of myeloid origin in placental tissue. Compared with placental macrophages, MGCs exhibited a specific phenotype and gene expression signature, consisting of increased cytoskeleton-associated gene expression along with depressed expression of inflammatory response genes. Furthermore, placental macrophages from patients with chorioamnionitis were unable to form MGCs, but this defect was partially corrected by incubating these placental macrophages with control trophoblast supernatants. MGCs formation likely serves to regulate their inflammatory and cytocidal activities in a context that imposes semiallograft acceptance and defense against pathogens.

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“…In this study, increased mRNA expression of several factors and their receptors involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and growth in FM was observed as pregnancy progressed. In fact, changes in Although protein and/or mRNA expression of VEGF, PGF and receptors, and/or FGF2 and receptor was detected in extraembryonic tissues at specific stages of early pregnancy in monkeys, humans, and cows (Vuorela et al 1997, Ghosh et al 2000, Hildebrandt et al 2001, Wang et al 2003, Demir et al 2004, Wei et al 2004, Pfarrer et al 2006, the changes during placental development have not been evaluated for these or other species. In this study, dramatic changes in the expression of mRNA for members of the VEGF and ANGPT systems were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: cell proliferation, global methylation, and angiogenesis in the fetal placenta

Grazul-Bilska¹,

Johnson²,

Borowicz³

et al. 2011

Reproduction

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To characterize early fetal placental development, gravid uterine tissues were collected from pregnant ewes every other day from day 16 to 30 after mating. Determination of 1) cell proliferation was based on Ki67 protein immunodetection; 2) global methylation was based on 5-methyl-cytosine (5mC) expression and mRNA expression for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3a, and 3b; and 3) vascular development was based on smooth muscle cell actin immunolocalization and on mRNA expression of several factors involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in fetal membranes (FMs). Throughout early pregnancy, the labeling index (proportion of proliferating cells) was very high (21%) and did not change. Expression of 5mC and mRNA for DNMT3b decreased, but mRNA for DNMT1 and 3a increased. Blood vessels were detected in FM on days 18-30 of pregnancy, and their number per tissue area did not change. The patterns of mRNA expression for placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and their receptors FLT1 and KDR; angiopoietins 1 and 2 and their receptor TEK; endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the NO receptor GUCY13B; and hypoxia inducing factor 1 a changed in FM during early pregnancy. These data demonstrate high cellular proliferation rates, and changes in global methylation and mRNA expression of factors involved in the regulation of DNA methylation and angiogenesis in FM during early pregnancy. This description of cellular and molecular changes in FM during early pregnancy will provide the foundation for determining the basis of altered placental development in pregnancies compromised by environmental, genetic, or other factors.

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Localization of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its Receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in Bovine Placentomes from Implantation Until Term

Cited by 63 publications

References 45 publications

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: vascular growth and expression of angiogenic factors in maternal placenta

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: vascular growth and expression of angiogenic factors in maternal placenta

Placental Macrophages Are Impaired in Chorioamnionitis, an Infectious Pathology of the Placenta

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: cell proliferation, global methylation, and angiogenesis in the fetal placenta

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