Localization via Visible Light Systems

Abstract

Visible light communication (VLC) is an emerging paradigm that enables multiple functionalities to be accomplished concurrently, including illumination, highspeed data communications, and localization. Based on the VLC technology, visible light positioning (VLP) systems aim to estimate locations of VLC receivers by utilizing light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters at known locations. VLP presents a viable alternative to radio frequency (RF)-based positioning systems by providing inexpensive and accurate localization Manuscript

Improved Visible Light-Based Indoor Positioning System Using Machine Learning Classification and Regression

“…The final mean scores corresponding to the values of Cost and Gamma after 10-fold CV are illustrated in Figure 13. The highest mean score appeared when Cost = 2 3 and Gamma = 2 4 . These values were used throughout this study when the area division process with SVM was employed.…”

“…This optimization can be done by the CV method [36]. In this study, a very wide range of Cost values was proposed: from 2 −5 to 2 4 . Similarly, the Gamma range was from 2 −2 to 2 7 .…”

“…In a process similar to the classification process above, we first searched for the best positioning accuracy according to Gamma and Cost parameters, and then we verified the robustness of the SVM algorithm corresponding to the values found by 10-fold CV. On the whole floor and edge area, the best positioning accuracy occurred when Cost = 2 4 and Gamma = 2 7 (Figures 14 and 15). There was a minor problem occurring in the remaining case (Figure 16), in that the best tuning parameters were not the choice when reassessed by CV.…”

“…There was a minor problem occurring in the remaining case (Figure 16), in that the best tuning parameters were not the choice when reassessed by CV. For instant, the best choice in Figure 16b appeared when Gamma = 2 5 and Cost = 2 4 (orange text), while the best value of Gamma and Cost, in Figure 16a, were 2 7 , and 2 4 , respectively (red text). However, in Figure 16b, the mean CV score in both cases: Gamma = 2 5 , Cost = 2 4 (orange text) and Gamma = 2 7 , Cost = 2 4 (red text) are nearly the same.…”

“…VLC-based indoor positioning provides opportunities to develop highly reliable, robust, and inexpensive positioning technologies [4]. Philips, one of the largest electronics companies in the world, has achieved some initial success in this field.…”