Localized corrosion of steel in alkaline solution with low-level chloride and elevated sulfate concentrations

Permeh, Samanbar; Lau, Kingsley

doi:10.1016/j.cement.2022.100051

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In order to assess deficient grouts, the anode component should maintain grout material characteristics that allow for corrosion initiation such as pH, chloride concentration, sulfate concentration, etc. [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Post-Tensioned Grout Durability by Accelerated Robustness and Corrosion Testing

Permeh,

Lau

2023

Construction Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The corrosion of steel in post-tensioned tendons has been associated with deficient grout materials containing high free sulfate ion concentrations. In a Florida bridge in 2011, tendon corrosion failures occurred for a prepackaged thixotropic grout that had developed material segregation. However, the available grout and corrosion testing prescribed in material specifications, such as grout bleed water testing, was not able to identify the propensity or modality for the grout deficiencies and the associated steel corrosion that was observed in the field. It was of interest to identify corrosion testing methods that could prescribe grout resistance to segregation-related deficiencies that can form by aberrations in construction. The objectives of the work presented here included (1) characterizing the development of physical and chemical grout deficiencies due to excess mix water and water volume displacement, (2) developing small scale test methodologies that identify deficient grout, and (3) developing test methodologies to identify steel corrosion in deficient grout. The inverted-tee test (INT) and a modified incline-tube (MIT) test were assessed and both were shown to be useful to identify the robustness of grout materials to adverse mixing conditions (such as overwatering and pre-hydration) by parameters such as sulfate content, moisture content, electrical resistance, and steel corrosion behavior. It was shown that the different grout products have widely different propensities for segregation and accumulation of sulfate ions but adverse grout mixing practices promoted the development of grout deficiencies, including the accumulation of sulfate ions. Corrosion potentials of steel < −300 mVCSE developed in the deficient grout with higher sulfate concentrations. Likewise, the corrosion current density showed generally high values of >0.1 μA/cm2 in the deficient grouts. The values produced from the test program here were consistent with historical data from earlier research that indicated corrosion conditions of steel in deficient grout with >0.7 mg/g sulfate, further verifying the adverse effects of elevated sulfate ion concentrations in the segregated grout.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Post-Tensioned Grout Durability by Accelerated Robustness and Corrosion Testing

Permeh,

Lau

2023

Construction Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even though chloride ions (and its ubiquitous presence in many environments) have been widely noted to be highly aggressive in the corrosion of steel in concrete, other similarly destructive corrosion processes can develop as well. [8,9] Among those, carbonation-induced corrosion can also allow for premature degradation of structures. The sometimes longer periods before noticeable external manifestation of corrosion induced structural damage [10,11] may allow for complacency, insufficient allocation of resources for mitigation, and belated repair.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of carbonation‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete by electrochemical testing

Permeh,

Lau

2024

Materials & Corrosion

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbonation‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete can allow for premature degradation of structures. Corrosion probes in health monitoring systems can assess concrete carbonation and steel corrosion rates. The electrochemical noise (EN) technique has advantages for corrosion sensing. Instrumented concrete columns were fitted with a carbonation chamber for accelerated testing. EN was assessed through statistical evaluation of noise time signatures, noise resistance, and spectral analysis. The mean noise potential for the electrodes showed electronegative potential and correspondingly high rms noise current, indicative of corrosion activation in carbonated concrete. The estimated corrosion rates obtained from the noise impedance were comparable to those resolved from the polarization resistance and noise resistance. The shot noise analysis indicated isolated spontaneous noise events associated with the activation of local steel anodes. The outcomes of the testing indicate that the placement of low‐cost sensors and passive EN measurements can be used to monitor the onset of carbonation‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete and provide estimates on corrosion rates.

show abstract

Corrosion of galvanized steel in alkaline solution associated with sulfate and chloride ions

Permeh

Lau

2023

Construction and Building Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Localized corrosion of steel in alkaline solution with low-level chloride and elevated sulfate concentrations

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Assessment of Post-Tensioned Grout Durability by Accelerated Robustness and Corrosion Testing

Assessment of Post-Tensioned Grout Durability by Accelerated Robustness and Corrosion Testing

Identification of carbonation‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete by electrochemical testing

Corrosion of galvanized steel in alkaline solution associated with sulfate and chloride ions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About