Localized retinal degeneration secondary to Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

Abstract

A 52-year-old man, treated for Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), continued to experience decreased vision even after 24 months. He was evaluated using multimodal imaging and electroretinography. The retina did not show any hyperviscosity changes but revealed a yellow lesion at macula with atrophic changes causing a pattern on fluorescein angiography similar to a leopard's skin. Optical coherence tomographic imaging revealed uniformly reflective material deposited in the outer retina with degeneration of outer retinal layers. Full-field electroretinography was normal, but multifocal electroretinography revealed reduced foveal responses. This case highlights the degenerative effects of long-standing immunogammopathy maculopathy in WM.