Localized tetanus in immunized mice☆

Therapeutic effects of Tetanus neurotoxin in spinal cord injury: a case series on four dogs

“…1). Ataxic pelvic limb gait with normal strength, but mistakes > 50% of the time (e.g., lack of coordinatino with thoracic limb, crossing of pelvic limbs, skipping steps, bunny-hopping, scuffing foot on protraction) 13 Ataxic pelvic limb gait with normal strength, but mistakes < 50% of the time 14 Normal pelvic limb gait Each hind limb is rated separately using the mFSSD. The five stages of recovery with their particular three subdivisions are presented resulting in a score from 0 to 14 to assess pelvic limb gait and weight bearing after SCI in dogs [19].…”

“…However, injections of very low doses of TeNT are able to induce a dose-dependent, localized, and temporary increase of muscle tone [12]. Because of its unique mode of action on the facilitation of spinal motor neurons, lowdose TeNT injections have been proposed as a possible therapeutic option for centrally originated muscle weakness [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Tetanus toxin preserves skeletal muscle contractile force and size during limb immobilization

“…Both clinical observations and recent animal data show this assumption to be incorrect. Although immunity against tetanus is highly effective, the extreme potency of the toxin allows for a localized muscle effect lasting months after intramuscular injection of as little as 1 μg …”

“…Although immunity against tetanus is highly effective, the extreme potency of the toxin allows for a localized muscle effect lasting months after intramuscular injection of as little as 1 lg. 50 One can envision the use of tetanus toxin to counteract the effects of inadequate muscle activity in a manner analogous to the clinical use of botulinum neurotoxin to suppress excessive activity. Although several strategies, including the use of botulinum neurotoxin, are available to treat conditions that are associated with increased motor activity such as spasticity, inadequate voluntary muscle activation remains the major source of weakness and motor disability.…”

Tetanus Toxin C-Fragment: The Courier and the Cure?

“…Rapid neural internalization may protect TTC and conjugated passenger molecules by making them inaccessible to the antibodies. In fact, it has been suggested that circulating antibodies may even facilitate the specificity of the TTC-administration by inactivating molecules that potentially escape neuronal intake [114]. Additionally, modified ganglioside-binding domains of TTC that lack immunodominant epitopes may serve as an alternative strategy to circumvent TTC immunogenicity [115] (see also Dobrenis et al , 2009 – Abstract 38 at Lysosomal Disease Network World Symposium 2010) provided that these re-designed TTC-molecules retain their neurotropic and retrograde transport properties.…”