Localized Vitiligo and Post-Inflammatory Hypopigmentation at the Injection Site of a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: Th2 to Th1 Transition-related Molecular Machinery

“…Because Th1-dominant immunity in idiopathic VKH syndrome ( 6 ) and vitiligo vulgaris ( 13 ) is common and well-known, the Th2 reaction in the current case is unusual. Considering that prodromal erythema is rare in vaccine-related vitiligo ( 11 ) and idiopathic VKH syndrome ( 12 ), atypical Th2 immunity would contribute to the characteristic prodromal erythema in the current case. Indeed, the study of vaccination (BNT162b2) in current use revealed some Th2-skewed immune response as well as well-known Th1-skewed immune response ( 14 ); therefore, vaccine-induced atypical deleterious Th2 immunity overlapping with normal Th1 immunity may contribute to the pathogenesis of prodromal erythema.…”

“…1e ), and comorbid atopic dermatitis was well controlled except for pompholyx and eczematous lesions in the hands and feet, despite high serum TARC. There are some reports of prodromal erythema before vaccine-related vitiligo ( 11 ) and idiopathic VKH syndrome with incomplete vitiligo called “inflammatory vitiligo” ( 12 ); therefore, annular erythema was considered as the lesion in the pathogenic process which subsequently changed to depigmented lesion. The current study compared the profiles of infiltrating lymphocytes between depigmented lesion considered as the complete vitiligo, and annular erythema considered as the pathogenic process before complete vitiligo by immunohistochemistry.…”