“…Communication content is influenced by the context in which it is created (Kates and Goh, 2003), with variations in the usage of consumer culture elements being expected across countries. Such variations are examined at an individual or national level (Özsomer, 2012), with prior research focusing on characteristics such as cosmopolitanism and ethnocentrism or culture and level of economic development, respectively (e.g., Alden et al, 1999;An, 2007;Czarnecka and Keles, 2014;Czarnecka, Brennan and Keles, 2018;Guo, 2013;Sobh et al, 2018). Using a country-level lens, both early and more recent research (Alden et al, 1999;Czarnecka et al, 2018) identifies differences in the use of strategies to convey CCP (e.g.…”