Locating mofettes using seismic noise records from small dense arrays and matched field processing analysis in the NW Bohemia/Vogtland Region, Czech Republic

Abstract

The NW Bohemia/Vogtland region is characterized by currently ongoing geodynamic processes within the intracontinental lithospheric mantle. Among others, this activity results in the occurrence of mid‐crustal earthquake swarms and CO2 degassing zones called mofettes. These two natural phenomena are related to each other since it is considered that fluid flow and fluid‐induced effective stress can trigger earthquake swarms. At the Earth’s surface, they appear spatially separated, but their connection could be explained by the existence of pathways within the crust that allow efficient and permanent fluid transport. However, neither the structure nor the position of such pathways has been imaged yet. With this background, we used a matched field processing analysis within the NW Bohemia/Vogtland region to locate mofettes and investigate their characteristics. Considering the CO2 degassing process as a high‐frequency noise source, we chose two different test sites: the Dolní Částkov Borehole, which is an artificial mofette that we used to validate the method, and the South Hartoušov mofette field, a natural CO2 degassing area. On both sites, we measured seismic noise in a continuous mode for several hours (7 hours to 9 hours), with a sampling frequency of 250 samples/second, in multiple campaigns using an array of about 60 × 60 m2 with approximately 30 randomly distributed stations. For the matched field processing computation, the phase velocity c(▯) of the study area is required, which we obtained from active seismic experiments with vertical hammer‐blow as the source. The phase velocity varies between 200 m/s and 420 m/s for Dolní Částkov and between 100 m/s and 280 m/s for South Hartoušov, both in a frequency range of 7 Hz–60 Hz. With the matched field processing analysis at the artificial mofette in Dolní Částkov, we could relocate the noise source successfully. In the South Hartoušov mofette field, we detected one dominant vertically extended noise source, probably a fluid pathway, as well as a small matched field processing maxima at the surface that can be related to a dry mofette.

Effect of Pressure Perturbations on CO2 Degassing in a Mofette System: The Case of Hartoušov, Czech Republic

“…Seismic noise measurements were applied to detect fluid channels below the Hartoušov mofette using matched field processing techniques [30,31]. Flores Estrella et al [31] observed changes in the spatial degassing patterns from day to day.…”

“…Seismic noise measurements were applied to detect fluid channels below the Hartoušov mofette using matched field processing techniques [30,31]. Flores Estrella et al [31] observed changes in the spatial degassing patterns from day to day. Umlauft and Korn [30] located channel-like structures below the known mofettes (an example from the northern mofette field is shown in Figure 4).…”

Imaging mofette structures in the Ohře Rift System, Czech Republic, using radio-magnetotelluric data

“…To determine the relations between the seismic activity and the geodynamic processes, seismological studies were performed (Bankwitz et al 2003, Růzek & Horálek 2013). Seismic noise tomography was used to locate uids and pathways of the mantle-derived gas (Estrella et al, 2016). Soilgas investigations such as concentration and ux as well as isotope measurements aimed to quantify the CO 2 emissions and to determine its origin (Kämpf et al 2007;Nickschick et al 2015; Kämpf et al 2019).…”