Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay

Zhang, Junchao; Zhou, Jiahao; Li, Jie; Gu, Jiaying; Zhang, Qilin; Dai, Bingzhe; Wang, Yao; Wang, Jialei; Zhong, Yuqing; Li, Qingda

doi:10.3390/rs14143397

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our previous work compared our lightning location results with the advanced direction-time lightning detection (ADTD) system. Compared with ADTD, the average location error was 4.32 km, with a standard deviation of 2.46 km (Zhang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Description Of the Experimental Instrument And Datamentioning

confidence: 93%

On the improvement of the single-site lightning distance estimation by using the time-delay correction

Zhou,

Zhang,

Song

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Due to the propagation effect, the arrival time of the ground wave peak is delayed when sferics propagate at long distances. In this work, we propose a new method combined with a numerical algorithm to correct the effect of the ground wave peak time delay and calculate the ionosphere height using the difference between the arrival time of the ground wave and the skywave. The results showed that, with each increase of the propagation distance by 100 km, the delay in arrival time of the ground wave peak increased by an average of 0.9 μs. For the first and second reflectance heights, the maximum heights observed at night were 86 km and 89 km, and the minimum heights during the day were 66 km and 69 km, respectively. Using the difference in arrival time between the ground wave and skywave and the ionosphere equivalent reflection height, a single site was used to estimate the distance of lightning occurring within 900 km. This method had an average relative error of 14.6%, an average absolute error of 128.8 km, and a median distance error of 52.6 km. Finally, the percentage of data with an estimated deviation within 10% increased from 52% to 65%.

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Section: Description Of the Experimental Instrument And Datamentioning

confidence: 93%

On the improvement of the single-site lightning distance estimation by using the time-delay correction

Zhou,

Zhang,

Song

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…The accuracy of multistation location results has been compared with Arrival Time Difference Thunderstorm Detection system (ADTD) in the previous work. The average positioning error is 4.32 km, and the standard deviation is 2.46 km (Zhang et al, 2022). From Figure 11, we can see that the single-site lightning location results are more dispersed compared to the multi-station results.…”

Section: Single-site Lightning Locationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The multi-station lightning location data used in this paper are from a VLF LLSs established in China (Li et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022), the single-site equipment installed in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. The single-site receives lightning signals in the range of about 100 Hz to 80 kHz, records LEMP waveform data by continuous acquisition, and stores them in a hard disk drive (HDD).…”

Section: Description Of Experimental Instrument and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and revision of long-range single-site lightning location accuracy considering the time delay of ground wave

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Detecting the distance and orientation of long-distance thunderstorms has very important practical significance. The multi-station lightning location system relies on a high-precision time module and good network communication capabilities, but in some cases these conditions cannot be met, but there is still a need for lightning activity monitoring, and it is very important to establish a single-site lightning location system. In this paper, we have established a long-distance single-site lightning location station, and in order to improve the accuracy of distance estimation, a numerical algorithm is used to obtain the relationship between the ground wave arrival time delay and the propagation distance, and it is used to revise the time difference between the peak value of the skywave and ground wave. Moreover, we used multi-station lightning location data to revise the site-error in magnetic direction finder method to improve the accuracy of the direction calculation. The results show that the effective detection range of the single-site we have been established is 200 km–2000 km, and the revised average direction deviation dropped from 12.3° to 8.6°. The verification results of thunderstorms within the effective detection range show that the relative error of single-site lightning location is 8.4%–18.6% after the revision.

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“…Compensation includes abnormal hand movements, arm displacement, and upper limb forward leaning [30]. Abnormal hand movements refer to the use of unaffected measurements during operational training.…”

Section: B Compensation Detection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Post-Stroke Rehabilitation System With Compensatory Movement Detection Using Virtual Reality and Electroencephalogram Technologies

Shih,

Lin,

Chen

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Stroke is a leading cause of global population mortality and disability, imposing burdens on patients and caregivers, and significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the application of virtual reality technology in physical therapy by using immersive interactive training and designing rehabilitation modes for individual and group settings. We also aimed to provide patients with stroke with a comprehensive home-based rehabilitation and treatment plan, ultimately enhancing training effectiveness. Patients can engage in home-based rehabilitation through this system and undergo functional, mirror, and constraint-induced therapies tailored to different task contents. Simultaneously, using brain-computer interface technology, an emotion analysis mechanism was designed to map the patients' brainwave signal data onto a two-dimensional space of positive-negative valence arousal; this approach can enable remote physical therapists to discern the patients' emotional states during the rehabilitation process through virtual spaces, facilitating timely adjustments to rehabilitation tasks. Moreover, to prevent compromised effectiveness owing to improper training postures leading to compensation, the system offers real-time identification and recording, promptly issuing alerts when compensation occurs. The system provides a multiuser virtual rehabilitation space, enabling timely corrections and data observations, offering patients with stroke a home-based rehabilitation program, thereby realizing a localized aging care model.

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Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

On the improvement of the single-site lightning distance estimation by using the time-delay correction

On the improvement of the single-site lightning distance estimation by using the time-delay correction

Evaluation and revision of long-range single-site lightning location accuracy considering the time delay of ground wave

A Post-Stroke Rehabilitation System With Compensatory Movement Detection Using Virtual Reality and Electroencephalogram Technologies

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