“…in the VRP, the demand of customers is satisfied by each vehicle with a certain (Babaee Tirkolaee et al, 2020aTirkolaee et al, , 2020bMidya et al, 2021;Tirkolaee et al, 2021). Moreover, machine learning algorithms are employed as a predictive model to predict the problem's parameters which impose uncertainty in different types of the subject (Çevik et al, 2017;Eligüzel et al, 2022;Kilic et al, 2014). Because considering them as deterministic parameters is an over-simplification of the real-world problem (Zantalis et al, 2019).…”