Location and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the viral enhancing factor of the Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus

Hashimoto, Yoshifumi; Corsaro, Bartholomew G.; Granados, Robert R.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-11-2645

Cited by 73 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Positions of restriction sites on this map are shown in m.u., and the map is oriented in the direction of granulin gene transcription. The enhancin gene (Hashimoto et al, 1991) is located at 88"1 89"6 m.u. within EcoRI-K.…”

Section: Physical Mapping Of the Trig V Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Hashimoto et al, 1991) and Pseudaletia unipuncta (Pu) GV (Corsaro et al, 1993); the iap gene of Cydia pomoneIla (Cp) GV (Crook et al, 1993); and the basic DNA-binding protein gene of C1GV (Jehle & Backhaus, 1994a). Physical maps have been constructed for Pieris rapae (Pr) GV (Dwyer & Granados, 1987), CpGV (Crook et al, 1985), Xestia c-nigrum (Xc) GV (Goto et al, 1992), TnGV (Hashimoto et al, 1991), C1GV (Jehle et al, 1992) and several isolates of Artogeia rapae (At) GV (Smith & Crook, 1988a, b, 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical mapping and identification of interspersed homologous sequences in the Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus genome

Hashimoto

Hayashi

Okuno

et al. 1996

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Physical Mapping Of the Trig V Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical mapping and identification of interspersed homologous sequences in the Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus genome

Hashimoto

Hayashi

Okuno

et al. 1996

Journal of General Virology

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“…TnGV enhancin was the first baculovirus enhancin gene to be sequenced (Hashimoto et al, 1991 (Gallo et al, 1991;Roelvink et al, 1995). In contrast, Western blots of fractionated ODVs and immunoelectron microscopy localization studies of LdMNPV enhancin showed that it is present in ODV envelopes, perhaps in association with nucleocapsids as well (Slavicek & Popham, 2005 These authors concluded that alphabaculovirus enhancin interacts with other potential targets in the midgut epithelium in addition to the PM, thus suggesting an additional mechanism for enhancin activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar approaches have been used for alphabaculoviruses; for example, the LD 50 value of a recombinant AcMNPV expressing MacoNPV enhancin was 4.4 times lower than that of wild-type AcMNPV in secondinstar Trichoplusia ni larvae (Li et al, 2003). As well, deletion of enhancin genes in Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) decreased virus potency, confirming that it enhances activity of this virus (Bischoff & Slavicek, 1997;Popham et al, 2001).TnGV enhancin was the first baculovirus enhancin gene to be sequenced (Hashimoto et al, 1991 (Gallo et al, 1991;Roelvink et al, 1995). In contrast, Western blots of fractionated ODVs and immunoelectron microscopy localization studies of LdMNPV enhancin showed that it is present in ODV envelopes, perhaps in association with nucleocapsids as well (Slavicek & Popham, 2005 These authors concluded that alphabaculovirus enhancin interacts with other potential targets in the midgut epithelium in addition to the PM, thus suggesting an additional mechanism for enhancin activity.…”

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confidence: 97%

Role of enhancin in Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus virulence: selective degradation of host peritrophic matrix proteins

Toprak

Harris

Baldwin

et al. 2012

Journal of General Virology

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To infect per os, baculovirus virions cross the peritrophic matrix (PM) to reach the midgut epithelium. Insect intestinal mucins (IIMs) are PM proteins that protect the PM and aid passage of the food bolus through the gut. Some baculoviruses, including Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus (MacoNPV-A), encode metalloproteases, known as enhancins, that facilitate infection by degrading IIMs. We examined the interaction between MacoNPV-A enhancin and M. configurata IIMs both in vivo and in vitro. Per os inoculation of M. configurata larvae with MacoNPV-A occlusion bodies (OBs) resulted in the degradation of McIIM4 within 4 h of OB ingestion, while McIIM2 was unaffected. The PM recovered by 8 h post-inoculation. To investigate whether enhancin was responsible for the degradation of IIM, a recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus expressing MacoNPV enhancin (AcMNPVenMP2) was constructed. Enhancin was found to be a component of occlusion-derived virions in AcMNPV-enMP2 and MacoNPV-A. In in vitro assays, McIIM4 was degraded after MacoNPV-A and AcMNPV-enMP2 treatments. Degradation of McIIM4 was inhibited by EDTA, a metalloprotease inhibitor, indicating that the degradation was due to enhancin activity. Thus, MacoNPV-A enhancin is able to degrade major structural PM proteins, but exhibits target substrate specificity. INTRODUCTIONThe family Baculoviridae includes arthropod-specific viruses with large, circular, covalently closed, dsDNA genomes of between 80 and 180 kbp. The family includes four genera: Alphabaculovirus [formerly known as Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV)], members of which infect lepidopteran hosts; Betabaculovirus [Granulovirus (GV)]; Gammabaculovirus (hymenopteran-specific NPV); and Deltabaculovirus (dipteran-specific NPV) (Jehle et al., 2006). Baculoviruses have two virion phenotypes, budded virus (BV) and occlusionderived virus (ODV). BVs are formed early in the infection cycle when nucleocapsids bud through the host-cell membrane and acquire an envelope. The BVs are responsible for cell-to-cell transmission of the virus within the host insect. Late in the infection cycle, nucleocapsids are enveloped (single or multiple nucleocapsids per virion) by membranes formed within the infected host-cell nucleus and these virions are subsequently occluded within proteinaceous crystals or occlusion bodies (OBs). These ODVs are infectious to insect midgut cells upon ingestion by a susceptible host.In order for baculovirus ODVs to infect insect midgut cells, they must first cross the peritrophic matrix (PM), a semipermeable sheath that is composed of chitin microfibrils and proteins, lining the midgut of most insect species (Wang & Granados, 1997a). The PM protects the midgut epithelium from mechanical damage, toxic compounds and pathogens, regulates nutrient uptake by compartmentalizing digestive processes and prevents excretion of digestive enzymes by providing a means for enzyme recycling (reviewed by Hegedus et al., 2009). The protective feature of the PM is in part due to insect intesti...

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“…The TnGV enhancin gene has been isolated from the TnGV genome and sequenced (Hashimoto et al 1991). Enhancin is a metalloprotease that degrades mucin, a major constituent of the peritrophic membrane in the larval midgut.…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression of an enhancin gene from the Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus confers resistance to lepidopterous insect pests to rice

Mori¹,

Kitamura²,

Kondo

et al. 2006

Plant Biotechnology

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Transgenic plants that produce anti-insect substances are vital in improving crop yields and in reducing the environmental risks of chemical insecticides. Enhancin is a metalloprotease produced in occlusion bodies of the Trichoplusia ni granulovirus (TnGV). It is a key substance that enhances infection of the nucleopolyhedrovirus in lepidopteran insects. Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) protoplasts were cotransformed with pREXFVEF and pLTHyg, which respectively bear the chimeric enhancin gene and the hygromycin-resistance gene. Hygromycin-resistant regeneration plants were examined by genomic polymerase chain reaction and genomic Southern and northern blotting analyses to confirm the presence and expression of the enhancin gene. Fourteen transgenic plant lines harboring the enhancin gene were obtained, and stable inheritance and expression of the enhancin gene were confirmed in the second, third, and fourth plant generations. Feeding Spodoptera exigua larvae leaves of enhancin-expressing rice plants in the presence of S. exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus occlusion bodies enhanced infection of the virus. Further, the development of Pseudaletia separata, S. exigua, and S. litura, none of which are host insects of TnGV, was inhibited when these larvae were fed enhancinexpressing rice leaves. This indicates that expression of the enhancin gene confers resistance to lepidopteran insect pests in rice.

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Location and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the viral enhancing factor of the Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus

Cited by 73 publications

References 25 publications

Physical mapping and identification of interspersed homologous sequences in the Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus genome

Physical mapping and identification of interspersed homologous sequences in the Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus genome

Role of enhancin in Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus virulence: selective degradation of host peritrophic matrix proteins

Expression of an enhancin gene from the Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus confers resistance to lepidopterous insect pests to rice

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