Lockdown for CoViD-2019 in Milan: What are the effects on air quality?

Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina; Abbà, Alessandro; Pedrazzani, Roberta; Ricciardi, Paola; Miino, Marco Carnevale

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139280

Cited by 511 publications

(517 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Except for the relatively constant level of O 3 for all 3 years, all other CAPs showed clear reductions. These trends are consistent with those in previous studies (Abdullah et al 2020 ; Collivignarelli et al 2020 ; Dantas et al 2020 ; Nakada and Urban 2020 ). In particular, there was a decrease of 24.3% (PM 10 ), 29.6% (PM 2.5 ), 20.0% (NO 2 ), 9.51% (CO), and 11.5% (SO 2 ) between CAP levels in 2020 and the average CAP levels for 2019 and 2018.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For instance, the association between the six criteria air pollutants (CAPs: PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , CO, NO 2 , and O 3 ) and COVID-19 patients in China has been investigated, and findings suggest that the short-term exposure to air pollutants and the risk of COVID-19 infection showed significant relationships (Zhu et al 2020 ). The lockdown has led to a reduction of air pollutants mainly due to the low density of vehicles circulating in cities such as Milan, Italy, resulting in a sharp decrease in SO 2 and NO x ; however, O 3 concentrations tended to increase because of low NO concentrations in the ambient air (Collivignarelli et al 2020 ). This finding is consistent with another study in Barcelona, Spain (Tobías et al 2020 ), in which O 3 concentrations increased by up to 50%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on criteria air pollutants in the city of Daegu, the epicenter of South Korea’s outbreak

Vuong

Thang

Park

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The outbreak of COVID-19 in Daegu, South Korea, early in 2020 has led this metropolitan city to become one of the major hotspots in the world. This study investigates the association of meteorology and the new daily COVID-19 confirmed cases and the effects of the city lockdown on the variation in criteria air pollutants (CAPs) in Daegu. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were negatively correlated to the new daily cases and played an important role in the spread of COVID-19. Wind speed could enhance the virus transmission through the inhalation of aerosols and/or droplets and contact with fomites. The lockdown has directly decreased the concentrations of CAPs. In particular, reductions of 3.75% (PM 10 ), 30.9% (PM 2.5 ), 36.7% (NO 2 ), 43.7% (CO), and 21.3% (SO 2 ) between the period before and during the outbreak were observed over the entire city. An increase in O 3 (71.1%) was affected by natural processes and photochemical formation other than the lockdown effects. The three central districts were the areas most affected by the virus and showed the highest reductions in CAPs (except for O 3 ) during the outbreak. Apart from the influence of the lockdown, the decreasing trend in CAPs may be a result of the actions taken by the government to mitigate air pollutants nationwide since 2019. The results of this study can be useful for government and medical organizations to understand the behavior of the virus in the atmosphere. Further studies are necessary to explore the detailed influences of the lockdown on the environment and public life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-020-11360-4.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on criteria air pollutants in the city of Daegu, the epicenter of South Korea’s outbreak

Vuong

Thang

Park

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Italy (Cristina et al 2020;Muhammad et al 2020;Zambrano-monserrate et al 2020), Spain, France (Muhammad et al 2020;Zambrano-monserrate et al 2020), USA (Muhammad et al 2020), Germany (Zambrano-monserrate et al 2020), Brazil (Dantas et al 2020), Kazakhstan (Kerimray et al 2020), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study from China reported that due to the partial effect of unfavorable meteorological conditions, the reduction ratios of PM 2.5 concentrations, as a result of lockdown, were smaller than the reduction ratios of precursor emissions (Wang et al 2020a), indicating the in uence of weather on ambient pollutant concentrations. Even though the major air pollutants, such as PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO, NO 2 , SO 2 and ammonia (NH 3 ), saw a large reduction in their concentrations, the concentration of ozone (O 3 ) increased during the lockdown period in many parts of the world (Cristina et al 2020;Dantas et al 2020;Mahato et al 2020;Wang et al 2020b). The reason behind this reverse trend of O 3 concentration was identi ed as the decreased PM concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality change due to COVID-19 lockdown in India and its perception by public

Sekar

Jasna

Binoy

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In this study, air quality data for 100 days recorded at 193 stations distributed throughout India were analyzed to understand the changes in air quality following the country-wide lockdown imposed from 25th March to 17th May 2020 to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses from a nationwide online survey conducted to obtain public perceptions of air quality improvement were also analyzed. On average, an approximately 40% improvement in the air quality index was observed, contributed by a reduction in 40% of PM10, 44% of PM2.5, 51% of NO2 and 21% of SO2. There was a significant difference between the levels of all the pollutants before and after the lockdown (p<0.05), except ozone. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the correlation between PM10 and PM2.5 with ozone was significant after the lockdown period, indicating that a significant portion of the particulates present in the atmosphere after the lockdown period is secondary. The survey for public perception showed that 60% of the 1750 respondents perceived improvement in air quality. On a scale of 1 to 5, the respondents from Delhi perceived the highest improvement, from 2.2 to 4.5. An odds ratio of 17 indicated a very high dependence of perception on actual air quality. PM10 levels had the highest influence in shaping public perceptions of air quality. The results from Google Trends analysis showed that media had no influence on shaping the perception of improvement in air quality.

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“…Studies by various scholars have shown how the lockdown has improved the ambient air quality, like in India (Gautam 2020;Mahato et al 2020;Sikarwar and Rani 2020;Srivastava et al 2020), U.S. (Berman and Ebisu 2020), Mexico (Méndez-Arriaga 2020), Kazakhstan (Kerimray et al 2020), Iran (Abdul Halim et al 2018),China (Fan et al 2020; Zambrano-monserrate et al 2020) especially in Wuhan (Cole et al 2020;Lu et al 2020;Sicard et al 2020;Song et al 2016; Q. Wang and Su 2020), Barcelona in Spain (Tobías et al 2020), Sao-Paulo in Brazil (Nakada and Urban 2020), Milan in Italy (Collivignarelli et al 2020), and Salé City in Morocco (Otmani et al 2020) In India, air pollution has become a topic of intense debate at all levels mainly because of the enhanced anthropogenic activities e.g. rapid urbanization, higher population growth, increased energy consumption, and vehicular emission and industrial emission (Dadhich et al 2018;Ghose et al 2005;Gupta et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Air Quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

Sarkar

Das²,

Mukhopadhyay

2020

Preprint

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Abstract The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused a nationwide lockdown in India from 24th March 2020 and was further extended up to 3rd May 2020 to break off the transmission of novel Coronavirus. The study is designed to assess the changes in air quality from the pre lockdown period to the during lockdown period in Kolkata and Howrah municipal corporation, West Bengal, India. GIS-based techniques include the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants using interpolation method, on the other hand, statistical methods like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the mean differences two phases and correlation matrix helps to understand the changing association of the pollutants in pre and during-lockdown phases. Significant correlations have been found among the pollutants, ANOVA (Two-Way) has shown the significant mean difference of NAQI between the two phases, F (1,611)=465.723, p<0.0001; pairwise comparison for Ballygunj has shown the highest mean difference 108.194 at p<0.0001 significant level between lockdown and pre lockdown phase. Significant positive correlation has been found between PM2.5, PM 10 (0.99*); PM2.5, NO2 (0.81*); PM10, NO2 (0.81*); CO, NO2 (0.77*) and some negative correlations have also been found between O3, NO (-0.15); O3 and NH3 (-0.36) in the pre lockdown phase. The reduction amount of mean concentration from the pre lockdown phase to during lockdown of the main pollutants like PM 2.5, PM10 and NO2 are ~58.71%, ~57.92% and ~55.23%. Near RBU constant emission of PM2.5, 10 and NO2 have been recorded due to the nearby Cossipore thermal power station.

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Lockdown for CoViD-2019 in Milan: What are the effects on air quality?

Cited by 511 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on criteria air pollutants in the city of Daegu, the epicenter of South Korea’s outbreak

Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on criteria air pollutants in the city of Daegu, the epicenter of South Korea’s outbreak

Air quality change due to COVID-19 lockdown in India and its perception by public

Assessing the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Air Quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

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