Locomotion based on a two-layers flow of magnetizable nanosuspensions

Magnetic fluid rheology and flows

“…(19) has been used for precise positioning and transport of ferrofluid for sealing, damping, heat transfer, and liquid delivery systems [73 -75]. Smooth and continuous pumping of ferrofluid in a tube or channel can be achieved by a traveling wave non-uniform magnetic field generated by a spatially traveling current varying sinusoidally in time with a sinusoidal spatial variation along the duct axis [76,77]. Magnetic forces on ferrofluids have been used for adaptive optics to shape deformable mirrors [78,79]; as a ferrofluid cladding layer in development of a tunable in-line optical-fiber modulator [80]; use as a flat panel display cell where the luminance is magnetically con- trolled through the ferrofluid film thickness [81]; as a microfluidic MEMS-based light modulator [82]; for magnetic control of the Plateau rule of the angle between contacting films in 2D foams [83]; for magnetic control of bubble size and transport in ferrofluid foams for microfluidic and ''lab-on-a-chip'' applications and for possible zero gravity experiments using the magnetic field gradient force to precisely balance gravity so that bubbles are free floating in ferrofluid [84]; for magnetic field control of ferrofluid in a cavitating flow in a converging -diverging nozzle [85]; and for studies of longitudinal and transverse tangential magnetic fields on ferrofluid capillary rise [86].…”