Locomotion replacement exercise cannot counteract cartilage biomarker response to 5 days of immobilization in healthy adults

Abstract

Biomarkers of cartilage metabolism are sensitive to changes in the biological and mechanical environment and can indicate early changes in cartilage homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine if a daily locomotion replacement program can serve as a countermeasure for changes in cartilage biomarker serum concentration caused by immobilization. Ten healthy male subjects (mean ± 1 standard deviation; age: 29.4 ± 5.9 years; body mass: 77.7 ± 4.1 kg) participated in the crossover 5-day bed rest study with three interventions: control (CON), standing (STA), and locomotion replacement training (LRT). Serum samples were taken before, during, and after bed rest. Biomarker concentrations were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels after 24 hours of bed rest decreased independently of the intervention (−16.8% to −9.8%) and continued to decrease until 72 hours of bed rest (minimum, −23.2% to −20.6%). LRT and STA did not affect COMP during bed rests (P = .056) but there was a strong tendency for a slower decrease with LRT (−9.4%)

Dose-response relationship of in vivo ambulatory load and mechanosensitive cartilage biomarkers—The role of age, tissue health and inflammation: A study protocol

“…After ACL injury, resting sCOMP concentration was higher than in an age, sex and activity level matched control group [69]. In healthy persons, sCOMP increased temporarily after walking [70][71][72] and decreased during immobilization [73][74][75]. Furthermore, post walking stress sCOMP levels correlated with long-term changes in cartilage thickness in the medial femur [76] and tibia [76,77].…”

Joint Cartilage in Long-Duration Spaceflight

“…Relevant inflammatory markers of OA include cytokines (interleukins IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factors TNF-α and TNF-γ), cylooxygenase-2 (COX2), nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO). Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and matrix metalloproteinases (in particular MMP-3) are mechano-sensitive cartilage biomarkers, and serum levels were reported to drop in immobilization and bed rest [ 45 ]. COMP, also known as thrombospondin-5, is an extracellular matrix protein expressed primarily in cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, and serves as a biomarker of OA [ 46 , 47 ].…”

“…In bed rest, COMP serum levels decreased by more than 20% and continued to decrease until 72 h into bed rest, while MMP-3 levels decreased within the first 24 h of bed rest [ 45 , 60 ]. Both COMP and MMP-3 levels recovered to baseline levels during a 6-day recovery period.…”

Matrix metalloproteinases in extracellular matrix remodeling: molecular, cellular and tissue aspects

“…ММП-1 (коллагеназа-1) расщепляет коллагены I, II, III, VII и X; ММП-3 (стромелизин-1) лизирует различные компоненты внеклеточного матрикса, включая некоторые протеогликаны, коллагены и проколлагены [34]. ММП-9 относится к желатиназам (ММП-2, -9), нацеленным на коллаген IV типа в базальной мембране [34].…”

“…ММП-1 (коллагеназа-1) расщепляет коллагены I, II, III, VII и X; ММП-3 (стромелизин-1) лизирует различные компоненты внеклеточного матрикса, включая некоторые протеогликаны, коллагены и проколлагены [34]. ММП-9 относится к желатиназам (ММП-2, -9), нацеленным на коллаген IV типа в базальной мембране [34]. Исследования показали, что ММП-9 и ММП-13 участвуют в ми-грации кератиноцитов, ангиогенезе и сокращении при заживлении ран на мышиных моделях [10].…”