Locomotive syndrome: Prevalence, surgical outcomes, and physical performance of patients treated to correct adult spinal deformity

Ohba, Tetsuro; Oba, Hiroki; Koyama, Kikuhiko; Oda, Kotaro; Tanaka, Nobuki; Fujita, Koji; Haro, Hirotaka

doi:10.1016/j.jos.2020.06.012

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Various studies in the field of adult spinal deformity have described spinal sagittal imbalance as risk factor for a worsening in the quality of life [ 23 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Sagittal spinopelvic malalignment—flatback deformity (low pelvic tilt (PT), low sacral slope (SS), low lumbar lordosis (LL), and high pelvic incidence (PI)-LL mismatch) [ 46 ] and positive sagittal balance (high sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and high spinal inclination angle (SIA)) [ 47 , 48 ] ( Figure 7 )—showed an association with the Loco-Check [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], GLFS-25 [ 23 , 29 , 30 , 35 , 48 ], and Two-Step Test [ 25 ] ( Table 1 ). There was no evidence concerning the relationship between the GLFS-5, Stand-Up Test, and total assessment and sagittal spinopelvic malalignment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lumbar spinal stenosis showed an association with the Loco-Check [ 36 ], GLFS-25 [ 28 , 37 ], GLFS-5 [ 24 ], Two-Step Test [ 25 ], and total assessment [ 39 ] but not the Stand-Up Test [ 39 ] ( Table 1 ). Furthermore, spinal surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (i.e., posterior decompression or short segment spinal fusion surgeries) improves the GLFS-25 [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 48 ], Two-Step Test [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], and total assessment [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], but not the Stand-Up Test [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] ( Table 1 ). There was no report regarding the effect of surgery for lumbar spine disorders on the Loco-Check and GLFS-5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Locomotive Syndrome and Lumbar Spine Disease: A Systematic Review

Kobayashi

Morimoto

Otani

et al. 2022

JCM

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Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined based on the Loco-Check, 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25), 5-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-5), Stand-Up Test, Two-Step Test, or a total assessment (i.e., positive for one or more of the GLFS-25, Stand-Up Test, and Two-Step Test). Lumbar spine disease has been reported to be one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders leading to LS. We therefore conducted a systematic review via PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and MEDLINE, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 26 studies were considered to be eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. The GLFS-25 showed an association with low back pain, sagittal spinopelvic malalignment, and lumbar spinal stenosis but not vertebral fracture. The GLFS-5 showed an association with low back pain and lumbar spinal stenosis. The Loco-Check and Two-Step Test showed an association with low back pain, sagittal spinopelvic malalignment, and lumbar spinal stenosis. The Stand-Up Test showed no association with lumbar spinal stenosis. The total assessment showed an association with low back pain and lumbar spinal stenosis. Furthermore, the GLFS-25, Two-Step Test, and total assessment were improved by spinal surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. The current evidence concerning the relationship between LS and lumbar spine disease still seems insufficient, so further investigations are required on this topic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotive Syndrome and Lumbar Spine Disease: A Systematic Review

Kobayashi

Morimoto

Otani

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…The adults who have a degenerative spine with sagittal deformities such as lumbar kyphosis or lumbar and thoracic vertebral fractures were found to be at greater risk of hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [ 9 ]. Defined as the backflow of gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus, GERD causes acid regurgitation and heartburn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reflux symptoms are prevalent in approximately 10-20% of the European and North American population and 6.5-9.5% of the population in Japan. In addition, the risk of having GERD increases with aging [ 9 , 11 ]. It is prevalent in approximately 37.6% of the population of Japan, according to the questionnaire frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (FSSG) and the quality of life and utility evaluation survey technology (QUEST) [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the risk of having GERD increases with aging [ 9 , 11 ]. It is prevalent in approximately 37.6% of the population of Japan, according to the questionnaire frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (FSSG) and the quality of life and utility evaluation survey technology (QUEST) [ 9 ]. However, the relation between GERD and scoliosis was not analyzed in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scoliosis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Adults

Eryilmaz

Ahmed

Rehmani

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Out of 210 patients, 146 were found to have degenerative scoliosis at the level of the lumbar and thoracolumbar spine. Fifty-two patients had a right convex curve, and 94 had a left convex curve. Sixty-nine patients had GERD. According to the analysis of the multivariate logistic regression, the Cobb angle was highly related to GERD (p-value <0.05 and odds ratio of 1.031). The participants were grouped according to the Cobb angle of curve at the lumbar spine (less than 30 degrees with a large right-sided convex curve, 30 and more with a small curve, and more than 30+ degrees with a large left-sided convex curve). The study revealed that a large left-sided convex curve was highly related to GERD, with a p-value <0.05 and odds ratio of 10.935. ConclusionsThe left-sided large convex curve at the thoracolumbar or lumbar spine, especially when the Cobb angle was more than 30 degrees, was highly associated with GERD. Therefore, the symptoms of GERD should be monitored in the elderly population with degenerative scoliosis.

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Evaluation of locomotive syndrome in patients receiving surgical treatment for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases: A multicentre prospective study using the new criteria

Kato

Demura

Kabata

et al. 2021

Modern Rheumatology

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Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the condition of patients with locomotive syndrome (LS) and their improvement after undergoing surgery for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases using the new criteria, including stage 3. Methods In total, 435 patients aged ≥40 years (167 middle-aged and 268 older) were divided into four groups based on the disease location: the lumbar (n = 118), hip (n = 191), knee (n = 80), and foot and ankle (n = 46) groups. Patients were evaluated by pre- and 1 year postoperative LS risk tests, including the stand-up test, two-step test, and 25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale. Results The pre- and postoperative prevalence of LS stage 3 were 78% and 29%, respectively. The postoperative LS stage improved in 62% of patients (77% and 53% in the middle-aged and older groups, respectively). Overall, the knee group showed the worst results, and the foot and ankle groups showed the best pre- and postoperative results. The pre- and postoperative prevalence of LS stage 3 according to the 25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale were comparable to those based on the total assessment. Conclusions The new LS stage criteria are appropriate, and the 25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale is a good option for evaluating patients requiring surgery.

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Locomotive syndrome: Prevalence, surgical outcomes, and physical performance of patients treated to correct adult spinal deformity

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Locomotive Syndrome and Lumbar Spine Disease: A Systematic Review

Locomotive Syndrome and Lumbar Spine Disease: A Systematic Review

Scoliosis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Adults

Evaluation of locomotive syndrome in patients receiving surgical treatment for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases: A multicentre prospective study using the new criteria

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