2023
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1149065
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Locomotor and respiratory muscle abnormalities in HFrEF and HFpEF

Norman Mangner,
Ephraim B. Winzer,
Axel Linke
et al.

Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive syndrome affecting worldwide billions of patients. Exercise intolerance and early fatigue are hallmarks of HF patients either with a reduced (HFrEF) or a preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Alterations of the skeletal muscle contribute to exercise intolerance in HF. This review will provide a contemporary summary of the clinical and molecular alterations currently known to occur in the skeletal muscles of both HFrEF and HFpEF, and thereby differentiate the effec… Show more

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