Locomotor behavioral effects of prenatal and postnatal nicotine exposure in rat offspring

Mb, Newman; Rd, Shytle; Pr, Sanberg

doi:10.1097/00008877-199911000-00017

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…20,69 In animal studies, administration of nicotine to pregnant mothers resulted in offspring that were smaller at birth but had increased body fat. [70][71][72][73] In other studies, rats prenatally exposed to low doses of nicotine were not smaller at birth but became heavier by 5-10 weeks of age 74,75 and had higher overall body fat as well as increased perivascular adipose tissue, resulting in decreased vascular relaxation. 75 In another protocol, prenatal nicotine exposure did not influence body weight, but caused higher blood pressure only among genetically susceptible rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Perform a systematic review of studies reporting on the association between maternal prenatal cigarette smoking and child overweight. Design: Meta-analysis of observational studies. Data sources: Medline search and review of reference lists among studies published through June 2006. Review methods: Included studies reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of overweight among children at least 2 years of age. We did not include in the meta-analysis studies that provided only a continuous measure of adiposity, although those studies are discussed separately. Results: Based on results of 84 563 children reported in 14 observational studies, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were at elevated risk for overweight (pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) at ages 3-33 years, compared with children whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. The pooled estimate from unadjusted odds ratios (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.69) was similar to the adjusted estimate, suggesting that sociodemographic and behavioral differences between smokers and nonsmokers did not explain the observed association. Although we observed evidence for publication bias, simulating a symmetric set of studies yielded a similar estimate (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.55). Conclusions:Prenatal smoking exposure appears to increase rates of overweight in childhood. In parts of the world undergoing the epidemiologic transition, the continuing increase in smoking among young women could contribute to spiraling increases in rates of obesity-related health outcomes in the 21st century.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Animal studies have demonstrated that fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine alone, at levels that are representative of women who smoke or use nicotine replacement therapy, results in low birth weight, and postnatal impaired glucose homeostasis, hyperinsulinemia, increased body weight and dyslipidemia (Williams & Kanagasabai 1984, Newman et al 1999, Pausova et al 2003, Gao et al 2005. The b-cell loss, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperinsulinemia observed in the nicotine-exposed offspring from this animal model closely represent symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes in humans (Pratley & Weyer 2001, Leahy 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure and postnatal glucose homeostasis: identifying critical windows of exposure

Bruin

Kellenberger

Gerstein³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fetal and lactational exposure to nicotine at concentrations comparable with those in women who smoke causes impaired glucose tolerance in male offspring in postnatal life. It remains unknown whether there are critical windows of susceptibility to nicotine exposure. Female nulliparous Wistar rats were given saline vehicle or nicotine bitartrate (1 mg/kg per day) prior to pregnancy, which was then: A) discontinued during pregnancy and lactation; B) continued until parturition; C) continued until weaning; and D) discontinued during pregnancy and restarted from lactation until weaning. At 26 weeks of age, offspring in each group were challenged with an oral glucose load. b-Cell mass, apoptosis, and proliferation were measured at birth, and at 4 and 26 weeks of age. The animals in group C (exposed to nicotine throughout pregnancy and lactation) had reduced b-cell mass from birth through 26 weeks of age and impaired glucose homeostasis at 26 weeks of age. b-Cell mass was also reduced at birth and at 4 weeks of age in animals exposed to nicotine during pregnancy alone (group B). However, enhanced proliferation following weaning led to recovery of this defect to 98% of control levels by week 26. The response to the glucose load in groups A, B, and D did not differ from controls. Continued exposure to nicotine from conception through lactation results in permanent b-cell loss and subsequent impaired glucose tolerance. This model of type 2 diabetes requires that nicotine exposure occurs both in utero and during lactation.

show abstract

“…Among compounds of tobacco smoke, nicotine is the most studied and the most addictive. Rats prenatally exposed to nicotine are heavier when compared to controls (Williams & Kanagasabai 1984, Newman et al 1999, suggesting that fetal nicotine exposure results in increased adiposity in the offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on nutritional and hormonal profiles in mothers and offspring

Santos-Silva

Oliveira²,

Pinheiro³

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to tobacco smoke is related to changes in energy balance regulation and several endocrine dysfunctions. Previously, we showed that maternal nicotine (the main addictive compound of tobacco) exposure exclusively during lactation affects biochemical profiles in mothers, milk, and pups. As the possible consequences for mothers and offspring of maternal smoking during lactation are still unknown, we evaluated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure on nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in dams and pups at weaning. After 72 h from birth, lactating rats were divided into two groups: smoke-exposed (S) in a cigarette-smoking machine, 4!1 h per day throughout the lactation period without pups; control (C), rats were treated the same as the experimental group but exposed to filtered air. Dams and pups were killed at weaning (21 days of lactation). Body weight and food intake were evaluated. Milk, blood, visceral fat, adrenal, and carcass were collected. S dams showed hyperprolactinemia (C50%), hypoinsulinemia (K40%), hypoleptinemia (K46%), as well as lower triglycerides (K53%) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (K50%). Milk of S dams had higher lactose (C52%) and triglycerides (C78%). S pups presented higher body protein (C17%), lower total (K24%) and subcutaneous fat contents (K25%), hypoglycemia (K11%), hyperinsulinemia (C28%), hypocorticosteronemia (K40%), lower adrenal catecholamine content (K40%), hypertriglyceridemia (C34%), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C16%), and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (K45%). In conclusion, tobacco smoke exposure leads to changes in nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in dams and, passively through the milk, may promote several important metabolic disorders in the progeny.

show abstract

Locomotor behavioral effects of prenatal and postnatal nicotine exposure in rat offspring

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis

Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure and postnatal glucose homeostasis: identifying critical windows of exposure

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on nutritional and hormonal profiles in mothers and offspring

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About