Locus of Control, Risk Orientation, and Decision Making Among U.S. Army Aviators

Hunter, David R.; Stewart, John E.

doi:10.21236/ada509824

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Hunter and Stewart [36] tested the transfer of general aviation pilots' scales to the military aviation context and through four scenario-based online surveys confirmed that all scales demonstrated adequate psychometric reliability and several of the sub-scales were significantly correlated with self-reported accident involvement. Drinkwater and Molesworth [10] sought to determine if risk perception, among other indicators, and personal traits could predict risk decision-making under uncertainty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Differences in Risk Perception Factors and Behaviours amongst and within Professionals and Trainees in the Aviation Engineering Domain

Chionis

Karanikas

2018

Aerospace

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In the aviation sector, the variability in the appreciation of safety risk perception factors and responses to risk behaviours has not been sufficiently studied for engineers and technicians. Through a questionnaire survey, this study investigated differences amongst professionals and trainees across eleven risk perception factors and five indicative risk behaviour scenarios. The findings indicated significant differences between the two groups in four factors and three scenarios as well as within groups. Moreover, age, years of work and study and educational level were other factors accounting for such differences within each group of professionals and trainees. The results showing these significant differences are aligned with relevant research about pilots and indicate that the appreciation of risk perception factors by aviation engineers and the development of their risk behaviours deserves more attention. Our findings cannot be generalised due to the small sample and its distribution across the demographic variables. However, the results of this study suggest the need tailoring risk communication and training to address the different degrees to which influences of risk perception factors are comprehended, and risk behaviours emerge in aviation engineering trainees and professionals. Further research could focus on the development of a respective uniform framework and tool for the specific workforce group and could administer surveys to more extensive and more representative samples by including open-ended questions and broader social, organisational and systemic factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Differences in Risk Perception Factors and Behaviours amongst and within Professionals and Trainees in the Aviation Engineering Domain

Chionis

Karanikas

2018

Aerospace

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“…The Army Locus of Control scale (ALOC; Hunter & Stewart, 2009) consists of 30 items, 15 to assess internality and 15 to assess externality. On this scale, aviators indicate how strongly they agree or disagree with a number of statements regarding the extent to which the outcome of events is determined by internal and external factors (e.g., skill versus luck).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Army Safety Attitude scale (ASAS; Hunter & Stewart, 2009) consists of 65 items each designed specifically to assess pilots’ attitudes with respect to aviation safety issues. The questionnaire was designed to assess six psychological variables related to aviation which are impulsivity, anxiety, self confidence, safety orientation, denial, and weather anxiety.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scale also used the traditional Likert-type scale format, and the pilots indicated how strongly they agreed or disagreed with the given statements. Sample items with the highest loadings on each of the six components are shown below: Component 1: ImpulsivityI follow the motto “Nothing ventured, nothing gained.”I like making turns steeper than 60 degrees, just to see if I can do it. Component 2: AnxietyI feel uncomfortable flying VFR when the visibility is very low.I feel very vulnerable to accidents. Component 3: Self-ConfidenceI deal with stress very well.I feel comfortable flying at night. Component 4: Safety OrientationI am a very cautious pilot.I am very skillful on the controls. Component 5: DenialA successful flight is solely due to good planning and good execution.I am so careful that I will never have an accident. Component 6: Weather AnxietyI am capable of instrument flight (negative weight).I often feel stressed when flying in or near weather. Hunter and Stewart (2009) reported the coefficient alpha for these six scales was α = .87, α = .83, α = .73, α = .76, α = .66, and α = .70, for Component 1 through 6, respectively. They found the A-HES was significantly correlated with both the impulsivity component ( r = 0.272, p = .001) and the denial component ( r = −0.176, p = .05), and that recent accident status was significantly correlated with the a priori Internality score ( r = −0.19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Army Hazardous Event scale (A-HES; Hunter & Stewart, 2009) is a 36-item scale that assesses the participants’ involvement in hazardous aviation events. Participants were asked to indicate how often during the previous 24 months they had been involved in a hazardous aviation event.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Locus of Control, Safety Attitudes and Involvement in Hazardous Events in Indian Army Aviators

Joseph

Reddy

Sharma

2013

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors

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Locus of control (LOC), safety attitudes, and involvement in hazardous events were studied in 205 Indian Army aviators using a questionnaire-based method. A positive correlation was found between external LOC and involvement in hazardous events. Higher impulsivity and anxiety, and decreased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial were associated with a greater number of hazardous events. Higher external LOC was associated with higher impulsivity, anxiety, and weather anxiety and with lower self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Internal LOC was associated with increased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Hazardous events and self-confidence were higher in those involved in accidents than those not involved in accidents. Future research needs to address whether training can effectively modify LOC and negative attitudes, and whether this would cause a reduction in, and better management of, human errors.

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The effect of psychological risk elements on pilot flight operational performance

Wang

Zhang

2019

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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This study aims to examine the relationship between psychological risk elements and flight operation performance for airline pilots. First, the concept of “risky pilots” is discussed, and the existence of “risky pilots” is verified using a percentage analysis of flight exceedance events. Second, three psychological risk elements for pilots are investigated using an implementation of psychological scales, and the exceedance behaviors of risky pilots are analyzed based on real flight data. Finally, correlation and cluster analyses are used to study the influence of psychological risk elements on the exceedance behaviors of airline transport pilots and their operational performance. The results indicate that approximately one‐third of pilots are more prone to exceedance events than other pilots. A moderate positive linear correlation (R [44] = 0.400; p < .05) existed between hazardous attitudes and severe exceedance rates. For pilots with a high level of risk psychology, of their flights were considered “poor” operational performance level. Finally, it is concluded that hazardous attitude is a psychological risk element that has significant negative effects on severe exceedance behaviors of pilots. In addition, the flight operation performance levels of pilots were also affected by the psychological risk level. Furthermore, it is suggested that special training to improve risky hazardous attitudes of pilots should be conducted for the purpose of reducing exceedance behaviors and improving flight performance. These findings are expected to provide support for airlines to identify and manage flight crew risks.

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Locus of Control, Risk Orientation, and Decision Making Among U.S. Army Aviators

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Differences in Risk Perception Factors and Behaviours amongst and within Professionals and Trainees in the Aviation Engineering Domain

Differences in Risk Perception Factors and Behaviours amongst and within Professionals and Trainees in the Aviation Engineering Domain

Locus of Control, Safety Attitudes and Involvement in Hazardous Events in Indian Army Aviators

The effect of psychological risk elements on pilot flight operational performance

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