Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Crown Fuel Weights Predicted from Diameter at Breast Height

Johnson, Allen F.; Woodard, Paul M.; Titus, Stephen J.

doi:10.5558/tfc66596-6

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our results support the most common mathematical model in biomass studies y = ax b , where y is the aboveground biomass or crown fuel weight and x the DBH (Brown 1978;Stocks 1980;Johnson et al 1990;Ter-Mikaelian and Korzukhin 1997;Zianis and Mencuccini 2004). It is emphasised that the allometric regression equations presented in the present paper are only valid within the range of stem diameters (7-56 cm) covered by the sampled trees.…”

Section: Expected Fuel Weights For a Given Tree Size (Dbh)supporting

confidence: 86%

“…Although numerous studies correlate crown or foliage biomass with tree dendrometric characteristics (Kittredge 1944;Moeur 1981;Grigal and Kernik 1984;Baldwin et al 1997;Monserud and Marshall 1999), few studies measure crown fuel load by diameter size classes (Brown 1978;Stocks 1980;Johnson et al 1989Johnson et al , 1990 as it is required in fire behaviour modelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allometric equations for crown fuel biomass of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece

Mitsopoulos

Dimitrakopoulos

2007

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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Allometric equations for the estimation of crown fuel weight of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) trees in the Mediterranean Basin were developed. Forty trees were destructively sampled and their crown fuels were weighed separately for each fuel category. Crown fuel components, both living and dead, were separated into size classes and regression equations that estimate crown fuel load by diameter class were derived. The allometric equation y = ax b with diameter at breast height as the single predictor was chosen, because the addition of other parameters did not decrease the residual sum of squares significantly. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R 2 adj ) values were high (R 2 adj = 0.82-0.88) in all cases. Diameter at breast height was the most significant determinant of crown fuel biomass. The aerial fuels that are consumed during crown fires (i.e. needles and twigs with diameter less than 0.63 cm) comprised 29.3% of the total crown weight. Live fuels constituted ∼96.3% of total crown biomass, distributed as follows: needles 16.7% (average load 12.07 kg), branches with 0.0-0.63-cm diameter 12.6% (average load 9.18 kg), 0.64-2.5-cm diameter 37.3% (27.99 kg), 2.51-7.5-cm diameter 25.4% (18.59 kg), and >7.5-cm diameter 3.7% (2.65 kg). The equations provide quantitative fuel biomass attributes for use in crown fire behaviour models, fire management and carbon assessment in Aleppo pine stands.Additional keyword: crown fires.

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Section: Expected Fuel Weights For a Given Tree Size (Dbh)supporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometric equations for crown fuel biomass of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece

Mitsopoulos

Dimitrakopoulos

2007

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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“…For each DBH size class, crown fuel masses were estimated from allometric equations for suppressed trees (DBH ≤ 5.1 cm; Woodard and Delisle, 1987) and codominant/dominant trees (DBH > 5.1 cm; Johnson et al, 1990). Four crown fuel size classes were considered: foliage, 0-0.5 cm roundwood, 0.5-1.0 cm roundwood, and 1.0-3.0 cm roundwood.…”

Section: Simulation Of Cone Heating By Crown Firementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bulk density of each size class (Table 3) was calculated as the quotient of fuel mass and crown volume (calculated for conical geometries, as above). Bulk densities varied with DBH (Table 3) due to DBH-dependent variation in fuel masses (Johnson et al, 1990;Woodard and Delisle, 1987) and crown volumes (Eq. 14); all other physical properties of crown fuels (Table 4) were constant with DBH.…”

Section: Simulation Of Cone Heating By Crown Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of fire relative to seed development may enable non-serotinous species to recolonize from the aerial seed banks of fire-killed trees

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The existence of non-serotinous, non-sprouting species in fire regimes where serotiny confers an adaptive advantage is puzzling, particularly when these species recruit poorly from soil seed banks or from burn edges. In this paper, white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) was used to show how the timing of fire relative to seed development may permit non-serotinous species to recolonize burned areas from the aerial seed banks of fire-killed trees. To estimate survival of seeds within closed cones during crown fires, cone heating was simulated using a one-dimensional conduction model implemented in a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics fire behavior model. To quantify the area burned when germinable seed would be contained within closed cones during a mast year, empirical fire occurrence and seed development (germinability and cone opening) data were compared for multiple locations across the white spruce range. Approximately 12% of cones contained viable seed following crown fire simulations (0.072 m s−1 mean spread rate; 9147 kW m−1 mean intensity), and roughly half of the historical area burned resulted from fires that occurred when closed cones would contain germinable seed. Together, these results suggest that non-serotinous species may recolonize burned areas from in situ aerial seed banks, and that this may be an important cause of their existence in fire regimes to which they otherwise seem poorly suited.

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“…Nevertheless, current research efforts state that in certain fuel complexes, other fuel categories, such as the fine twigs, may significantly contribute to the heat released from the flaming zone of a crown fire [19,70,76]. Although numerous studies correlate crown or foliage biomass with tree dendrometric characteristics [13,37,46,51,53,55,56], only few studies measure crown fuel load by diameter size class at tree level [15,39,40,73] and at stand level [9,23], as it is required in crown fire behavior modeling.…”

Section: Cflmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy fuel characteristics and potential crown fire behavior in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) forests

Mitsopoulos

Dimitrakopoulos

2007

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Canopy fuel characteristics that influence the initiation and spread of crown fires were measured in representative Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) stands in Greece. Vertical distribution profiles of canopy fuel load, canopy base height and canopy bulk density are presented. Aleppo pine canopy fuels are characterized by low canopy base height (3.0−6.5 m), while available canopy fuel load (0.96−1.80 kg/m 2 ) and canopy bulk density (0.09−0.22 kg/m 3 ) values are similar to other conifers worldwide. Crown fire behavior (probability of crown fire initiation, crown fire type, rate of spread, fireline intensity and flame length) in Aleppo pine stands with various understory fuel types was simulated with the most updated crown fire models. The probability of crown fire initiation was high even under moderate burning conditions, mainly due to the low canopy base height and the heavy surface fuel load. Passive crown fires resulted mostly in uneven aged stands, while even aged stands gave high intensity active crown fires. Assessment of canopy fuel characteristics and potential crown fire behavior can be useful in fuel management and fire suppression planning.canopy fuels / crown fires / fire behavior / Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) / Mediterranean Basin Résumé -Caractéristiques des combustibles de la canopée et comportement du potentiel de feu des couronnes de forêts de Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.). Les caractéristiques des combustibles qui influencent le démarrage et la propagation des feux de couronnes ont été mesurées dans des peuplements représentatifs de Pinus halepensis Mill. en Grèce. Des profils verticaux de la charge en combustible de la canopée, la hauteur de la base de la canopée et la densité volumique de la canopée sont présentés. La charge combustible de la canopée est caractérisée par une faible hauteur de la base de la canopée (3,0−6,5 m), tandis que la charge en combustible disponible (0,96−1,80 kg/m 2 ) et la densité volumique de la canopée (0,09−0,22 kg/m 3 ) sont similaires à celles des autres conifères dans le monde. Le comportement du feu de couronne (probabilité de démarrage du feu dans les couronnes, type de feu de couronne, taux de propagation, intensité de la ligne de feu et longueur des flammes) dans les peuplements de Pinus halepensis avec différents types de combustibles de sous-bois a été simulé avec le maximum de modèles actuels de feux de couronnes. La probabilité de démarrage de feu de couronne était forte même en conditions de faible embrasement, principalement en relation avec la faible hauteur de la base des couronnes et la forte charge en combustible au sol. Des feux passifs de couronnes se produisent principalement dans les peuplements inéquiennes tandis que les peuplements équiennes ont présenté de fortes intensités de feux actifs de couronnes. L'évaluation des caractéristiques des combustibles de la canopée et le comportement du potentiel de feu peuvent être très utiles pour la gestion des combustibles et la planification de la lutte contre les feux. c...

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Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Crown Fuel Weights Predicted from Diameter at Breast Height

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Allometric equations for crown fuel biomass of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece

Allometric equations for crown fuel biomass of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece

Timing of fire relative to seed development may enable non-serotinous species to recolonize from the aerial seed banks of fire-killed trees

Canopy fuel characteristics and potential crown fire behavior in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) forests

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