Loess magnetic fabric of the Krems-Wachtberg archaeological site

Zeeden, Christian; Hambach, Ulrich; Händel, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.001

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In both types, the transport direction is perpendicular to the orientation of kmax. Similar fabrics are also reported from Alaskan loess and interpreted as the results of shear stress (Lagroix and Banerjee, 2004b) and reconstructed in the laboratory environment (Rees, 1983), but in general such flow-transverse fabrics are rare, especially in loess sediments (Lagroix and Banerjee, 2004b;Bradák et al, 2011;Bradák-Hayashi et al , 2016;Zeeden et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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A conceptual magnetic fabric development model for the Paks loess in Hungary

et al. 2018

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We describe magnetic fabric and depositional environments of aeolian (loess) deposits from Paks, Hungary, and develop a novel, complex conceptual sedimentation model based on grain size and low-field magnetic susceptibility anisotropy data. A plot of shape factor (magnetic fabric parameter) and dry deposition velocity estimated from grain-size reveals primary and secondary depositional processes during the sedimentation of loess. Primary ones are driven by gravity, with poorly oriented MF for fine grain materials, and by tangential stress, with flow-aligned or flow-transverse fabric for coarser grain sediments. The fabric developed by a primary process is called depositional magnetic fabric. Secondary processes develop in unconsolidated sediments, beginning right after deposition and terminating before the start of diagenesis. Under slow sedimentation conditions, deposited materials are likely to be exposed near the surface for longer periods. Therefore, relatively strong winds with a stable direction can alter the fabric of non-buried surficial sediments. As a result, grain orientations may change from scattered, non-flow oriented fabric to flow-oriented fabric. This type of fabric, developed by a secondary process, is called transformed magnetic fabric, and is characterized by relatively well-defined grain orientation, which allows us to estimate a dominant wind direction.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…This alignment is developed by rolling and tracting of particles during high-velocity transportation (e.g. Bradák and Kovács, 2014;Zeeden et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual magnetic fabric development model for the Paks loess in Hungary

et al. 2018

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“…Particle size classes are assumed to be as follows: clay is < 2 μm dia., fine silt is from 2 μm to 6.2 μm, medium silt is from 6.2 μm to 20 μm, coarse silt is from 20 μm to 63 μm, and sand is > 63 µm (Blott and Pye, 2012). The anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of the loess samples was measured using protocols described in Zeeden et al (2011Zeeden et al ( , 2015, by applying an AGICO KLY-3S Kappabridge.…”

Section: Geomorphological and Sedimentological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevailing surface winds in Northern Serbia in the recent and past time periods; modern- and past dust deposition

et al. 2018

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This study utilizes four different methodological approaches to examine the prevailing surface winds and their associated aeolian processes in Northern Serbia, focusing on the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin. We utilized wind and atmospheric pressure data from 1939-2014 and 1960-2010 for the climatological analyses. Geomorphological data and numerical simulations were used to estimate prevailing paleowind systems. Northern Serbia is currently dominated by surface winds coming from the fourth (270°-360°) and second (90°-180°) quadrants, with frequencies of ca. 116 and 105 days/year, respectively. Comparable frequencies within Banatska Peščara are 115 and 129 days/year, respectively. Crestal orientations of the vast majority of the ≈1300 parabolic dunes here suggest that they have formed from winds derived from the second quadrant, indicating formation during the early Holocene. The remaining dunes, of the transverse type, have orientations aligned to the third quadrant. Grain size analysis of loess deposits near Banatska Peščara points to deposition driven by southeasterly winds, probably during the period between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the early Holocene. Modern wind measurements and geomorphological data showed that the prevailing winds in the recent and past periods were from the same quadrant, in and around Banatska Peščara. These results were confirmed with an explicit numerical simulation that modelled prevailing winds from the second quadrant during the LGM. Thus, the various geomorphologic and climatic data analyzed in this study show that the general air circulation patterns in the recent period are not dissimilar to those operative during the LGM.

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“…Similarly, Zeeden et al () found signs of hematite by means of k ( T ) experiments conducted on a sediment (loess) unit of the Krems–Wachtberg site (Austria). During study of the Susak succession (Croatia), Wacha et al () found out that, among the units studied, only the most well‐developed paleosols contained significant amounts of hematite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hematite–goethite enhancement model of loess and an ‘irregular’ case from Paks, Hungary

Bradák

Seto

Csonka

et al. 2019

J Quaternary Science

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On the basis of a key model of the appearance of hematite and goethite in some Chinese and European loess successions, paleosols generally contain higher proportions of hematite formed by pedogenic processes during warm and humid interglacials, while loess contains sedimentary goethite deposited during colder, glacial periods. Rock magnetic measurements were conducted on samples from Paks (Hungary) loess, revealing an anomalous case. Sediments were found to contain higher amounts of hematite and/or goethite, while the well‐developed paleosols were found to be lacking in hematite but had significant amounts of magnetite and maghemite. This observation demonstrates that the character of pedogenic magnetic mineral alteration and neoformation differs from the hematite/goethite model; the model is therefore not applicable to the Paks succession, possibly due to differences in the regional paleoclimate and pedogenic environment. The results indicate the existence of a further model, in which hematite formation is not significant in the course of pedogenesis.

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Loess magnetic fabric of the Krems-Wachtberg archaeological site

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

A conceptual magnetic fabric development model for the Paks loess in Hungary

A conceptual magnetic fabric development model for the Paks loess in Hungary

Prevailing surface winds in Northern Serbia in the recent and past time periods; modern- and past dust deposition

The hematite–goethite enhancement model of loess and an ‘irregular’ case from Paks, Hungary

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