Loganic Acid, an Iridoid Glycoside Extracted from Cornus mas L. Fruits, Reduces of Carbonyl/Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Plasma and Restores Antioxidant Balance in Leukocytes of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The various complications related to diabetes are due to the alteration in plasma components and functional activity of blood cells, hence the search for preventive remedies that would ameliorate the clinical condition of patients is a relevant problem today. The main aim of the present study was to examine the antidiabetic potency and antioxidant effects of loganic acid (LA) in blood of diabetic rats. LA showed a restoration of balance between functioning of antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress in leukocytes without notable effects on blood glucose levels when administered orally to rats (20 mg/kg b.w./day) for 14 days. LA ameliorated antioxidant status in leukocytes, as indicated by increasing the content of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase along with decreasing levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, we observed the ability of LA to protect against formation and accumulation of glycation and oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde derivates in plasma. Therefore, LA showed antioxidant properties that may have beneficial effects under diabetes. Such results may represent LA as one of the plant components in the development of new drugs that will correct metabolic and functional disorders in leukocytes under diabetes.

Antioxidants Isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) Protect against Bacterial Infections and Diabetes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model

“…The results of current study showed that morin at the dose range of 30–50 mg/kg body weight showed significant improvement in glucose level, lipid profiles (TC, TGs, LDL, and HDL), liver functions (ALP, SGPT, SGOT, and serum creatinine), and body weight in the serum of animals treated with streptozotocin. Reported literatures such as Lo et al [ 42 ] and Dzydzan et al [ 43 ] revealed that treatment with STZ causes an imbalance between plasma oxidant and antioxidant content causes oxidative stress and accelerates the progression of T2DM and its related complications. Hyperglycemia caused due to T2DM also linked with the generation of oxygen free radicals that leads to oxidative stress.…”

Advanced Oxidation Protein Product Promotes Oxidative Accentuation in Renal Epithelial Cells via the Soluble (Pro)renin Receptor‐Mediated Intrarenal Renin‐Angiotensin System and Nox4‐H2O2 Signaling

“…Advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), formed mainly by chlorinated oxidants resulting from myeloperoxidase activity, is produced under oxidative conditions and recognized as a novel marker of oxidative damage [ 8 ]. Not only are AOPPs products of chronic oxidative stress but also they could trigger oxidative stress and further stimulate ROS generation, leading to an unstoppable positive-feedback loop [ 9 ]. AOPPs activate the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) through mechanisms involving CD36, protein kinase C alpha, Nox, and nuclear factor- κ B signaling, leading to intrinsic renal cells, including endothelial cells, podocytes, and tubular epithelial cells, and excessive production of intracellular superoxide upon stimulation [ 10 – 13 ].…”

Biological Activity of Extracts of Red and Yellow Fruits of Cornus mas L.—An In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Inhibitory Activity against α-Glucosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Binding Capacity to Human Serum Albumin

“…In contrast, yellow fruit extract did not contain anthocyanins, but contained 10% more iridoids and only 2% more phenolic acids. Since the main iridoid glycoside of yellow and red fruits of Cornelian cherry is loganic acid, it was also extracted as a separate fraction from the yellow fruits [ 27 ]. The obtained fraction was analyzed and it was revealed that the content of loganic acid was 98% ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…It can be assumed that the effectiveness of the extracts in reducing the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia depends on the amount of complex carbohydrates in the diet. However, unlike acarbose (an α-glucosidase inhibitor), extracts of red and yellow fruits of Cornelian cherry may be absorbed into the blood and act not only in the intestine, but show antidiabetic and antioxidant effects in the whole body [ 7 , 27 ].…”