Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta plasma biochemistry and proteome profile modulation during recovery

Jakšić, Željko; Mrljak, Vladimir; Horvatić, Anita; Gelemanović, Andrea; Mičić, Milena

doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104433

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…AST activity can be found in many soft tissues and is non-organ-speci c (Bain 2011), although is routinely employed as a biomarker of hepatic stress in turtles. In loggerhead turtles rehabilitated in Croatia, AST levels were higher just prior to turtle release than upon arrival to the rescue centre (Jakšić et al 2022), in contrast to that observed herein, which may be due individual turtle physiological status and condition (Jakšić et al 2022).…”

Section: Correlations Between Analytescontrasting

confidence: 80%

Serum Chemistry and Hematology of Eastern Mediterranean Sea Green Sea Turtles Undergoing Rehabilitation

Malonek,

Scheinin,

Wosnick

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) is oligotrophic, presenting low biological production and high temperature and salinity, while comprising a biodiversity hotspot, with a unique emblematic threatened species array, including sea turtles. The establishment of healthy captive green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) baseline blood analyte reference intervals (RIs) will contribute to improving diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and conservation success rates for sea turtles, by offering information with therapeutic and prognostic implications. However, baseline serum chemistry and hematological analytes of EMS C. mydas are still unavailable. Hence, this study aimed to establish RIs for several blood analytes in general and under different life and rehabilitation stages and compare results with congeneric and conspecifics of other regions: wild Mediterranean loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and two wild Atlantic green turtle populations. The study engolfed 118 blood samples obtained from 72 turtles admitted to the Israel Sea Turtle Rescue Centre between 2008–2020. Blood analyses included serum chemistry and packed cell volume (PCV), and their association with body size and health status, and enabled suggesting RIs for PCV, serum glucose and potassium concentrations, and aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The PCV were significantly associated with rehabilitation. Noted differences arising via population comparison are likely associated with interspecific dietary and metabolic traits. These novel physiological results form the basis for future studies, and provide caregivers a tool potentially increasing the success of recovery, rehabilitation and conservation efforts. Further research is warranted to fill knowledge gaps concerning C. mydas physiology and potential ecological impacts on this species.

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Section: Correlations Between Analytescontrasting

confidence: 80%

Serum Chemistry and Hematology of Eastern Mediterranean Sea Green Sea Turtles Undergoing Rehabilitation

Malonek,

Scheinin,

Wosnick

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The dramatic increase in FP prevalence since the 1980s is attributed to a virus, and an unknown environmental factor thought to be anthropogenic in nature [68][69][70]. Results from genomic [71], proteomic [72][73][74] and transcriptomic studies [70,75,76] have consistently identified immune genes as dysregulated between healthy and diseased turtles or by levels of exposure to marine contaminants [73]. Additionally, sea turtles are possible reservoirs for zoonotic viruses, as C. mydas, along with snakes and pangolins, have been suggested as potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 [77].…”

Section: Chelydra Serpentinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of sea turtle immune function have been focused on the protection and conservation of turtle wildlife from threats such as FP, parasites, or environmental contaminants [42,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]73,75,76,[88][89][90][91][92]. Functional studies of the turtle immune system have been carried out on red-eared slider turtles Trachemys scripta (Thunberg, 1792)) [19][20][21][22][23], Caspian turtle or striped-neck terrapin (Mauremys capsica (Gmelin, 1774)) [27][28][29][30][31] and Chinese softshelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis (Wiegmann, 1853)) [14,87,87,93].…”

Section: Chelydra Serpentinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity in Sea Turtles: Review of a Host-Pathogen Arms Race Millions of Years in the Running

Nash

Ryan

2023

Animals

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The immune system of sea turtles is not completely understood. Sea turtles (as reptiles) bridge a unique evolutionary gap, being ectothermic vertebrates like fish and amphibians and amniotes like birds and mammals. Turtles are ectotherms; thus, their immune system is influenced by environmental conditions like temperature and season. We aim to review the turtle immune system and note what studies have investigated sea turtles and the effect of the environment on the immune response. Turtles rely heavily on the nonspecific innate response rather than the specific adaptive response. Turtles’ innate immune effectors include antimicrobial peptides, complement, and nonspecific leukocytes. The antiviral defense is understudied in terms of the diversity of pathogen receptors and interferon function. Turtles also mount adaptive responses to pathogens. Lymphoid structures responsible for lymphocyte activation and maturation are either missing in reptiles or function is affected by season. Turtles are a marker of health for their marine environment, and their immune system is commonly dysregulated because of disease or contaminants. Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumorous disease that afflicts sea turtles and is thought to be caused by a virus and an environmental factor. We aim, by exploring the current understanding of the immune system in turtles, to aid the investigation of environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease and provide options for immunotherapy.

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Plasma chemistry and hematology of Eastern Mediterranean Sea green turtles undergoing rehabilitation

Starostinetsky Malonek,

Scheinin,

Wosnick

et al. 2024

Biodivers Conserv

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The Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) is oligotrophic, presenting low biological production and high temperature and salinity, while comprising a biodiversity hotspot, with a unique emblematic threatened species array, including sea turtles. The establishment of healthy captive green turtle (Chelonia mydas) baseline blood analyte reference intervals (RIs) will contribute to improving diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and conservation success rates for sea turtles, by offering information with therapeutic and prognostic implications. However, baseline plasma chemistry and hematological analytes of EMS C. mydas are still unavailable. Hence, this study aimed to establish RIs for several blood analytes in general and under different life and rehabilitation stages and compare results with congeneric and conspecifics of other regions: Mediterranean loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and two Atlantic green turtle populations. The study engulfed 118 blood samples obtained from 72 turtles admitted to the Israel Sea Turtle Rescue Centre between 2008 and 2020. Blood analyses included plasma chemistry and packed cell volume (PCV), and their association with body size and health status, and enabled suggesting RIs for PCV, plasma glucose and potassium concentrations, and aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The PCV were significantly associated with rehabilitation. Noted differences arising via population comparison are likely associated with interspecific dietary and metabolic traits. These novel physiological results form the basis for future studies, and provide caregivers a tool potentially increasing the success of recovery, rehabilitation and conservation efforts. Further research is warranted to fill knowledge gaps concerning physiology and potential ecological impacts on this species.

show abstract

Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta plasma biochemistry and proteome profile modulation during recovery

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Serum Chemistry and Hematology of Eastern Mediterranean Sea Green Sea Turtles Undergoing Rehabilitation

Serum Chemistry and Hematology of Eastern Mediterranean Sea Green Sea Turtles Undergoing Rehabilitation

Immunity in Sea Turtles: Review of a Host-Pathogen Arms Race Millions of Years in the Running

Plasma chemistry and hematology of Eastern Mediterranean Sea green turtles undergoing rehabilitation

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