Logic Operations Based on Magnetic-Vortex-State Networks

Abstract

Logic operations based on coupled magnetic vortices were experimentally demonstrated. We utilized a simple chain structure consisting of three physically separated but dipolar-coupled vortex-state Permalloy disks as well as two electrodes for application of the logical inputs. We directly monitored the vortex gyrations in the middle disk, as the logical output, by time-resolved full-field soft X-ray microscopy measurements. By manipulating the relative polarization configurations of both end disks, two different logic operations are programmable: the XOR operation for the parallel polarization and the OR operation for the antiparallel polarization. This work paves the way for new-type programmable logic gates based on the coupled vortex-gyration dynamics achievable in vortex-state networks. The advantages are as follows: a low-power input signal by means of resonant vortex excitation, low-energy dissipation during signal transportation by selection of low-damping materials, and a simple patterned-array structure.

Engineering spin-wave channels in submicrometer magnonic waveguides

“…magnetic wires bearing spin waves [3][4][5][6][7] or domain walls, [8][9][10] or nanomagnet networks. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The devices using spin waves represent a prospective direction taking into account their intrinsic low-power character, two usable features for processing, i.e. the amplitude and phase 3 (the latter is frequency-and wavenumber-dependent) of spin waves, and many available intrinsic attributes specific to waves [17][18][19][20] such as interference.…”

Simultaneous control of magnetic topologies for reconfigurable vortex arrays

“…1,2 Because both circularity and polarity can be specified by two independent values, that is, c = ± 1 and p = ± 1, four distinct spin states can exist in a single magnetic element with the combination of circularity and polarity. Magnetic vortices have been intensively studied due to their compelling physical behavior [3][4][5][6][7] and their potential in a wide range of applications such as data storage, 8,9 signal transfer, [10][11][12] logic devices, 13 transistors 14 and artificial skyrmion crystals. [15][16][17][18] With respect to practical application of magnetic vortices in advanced nanotechnologies, one of the critical factors is the effective reconfigurability of two topologies, c and p, particularly within large and densely packed arrays of magnetic elements.…”

“…19,20 As a representative example, for successful achievement of vortex-based signal transfer and logic and transistor operations, the desired configurations of magnetic vortex states must be first established. [10][11][12][13][14] Additionally, uniformly arranged vortex structures are also required to generate artificial skyrmion crystals based on magnetic vortices in proximity to perpendicularly magnetized thin films. [15][16][17][18] For effective reconfiguration of magnetic vortex structures, one key issue is reliable and efficient control of both c and p in magnetic vortices, which is also vital for storage applications.…”

Coherence and modality of driven interlayer-coupled magnetic vortices

“…Many of these proposed spintronic devices utilize magnetic solitons constrained as fundamental elements in mesoscopic and nanoscopic ferromagnetic (FM) structures. The remarkable stability of topological solitons and other highly localized nanomagnetic structures under spin currents and Oersted field excitation has not only motivated spin-based oscillator technologies, but also memories and logic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . Notably, magnetic vortices are a type of quasi-particle that possess an out-of-plane magnetization, known as the vortex core polarity P ¼ [ þ , À ] (up or down), and an inplane circular magnetization surrounding the core C ¼ [ þ , À ] (clockwise or anti-clockwise), often referred to as the chirality 13 .…”