Lognormal Distributions for Water Intake by Children and Adults

Abstract

We fit lognormal distributions to data collected in a national survey for both total water intake and tap water intake by children and adults for these age groups in years: 0 less than age less than 1; 1 less than or equal to age less than 11; 11 less than or equal to age less than 20; 20 less than or equal to age less than 65; 65 less than or equal to age; and all people in the survey taken as a single group. These distributions are suitable for use in public health risk assessments.

Inter- and intra-ethnic variation in water intake, contact, and source estimates among Tucson residents: Implications for exposure analysis

“…Several studies have assessed total fluid and tap water intake among various populations (Ershow and Cantor, 1989;Ershow et al, 1991;Roseberry and Burmaster, 1992;Swan and Waller, 1998;U.S. EPA, 2000;USDA, 1995 ).…”

“…EPA, 2000;USDA, 1995 ). Overall, estimates of total fluid and tap water intake and source vary substantially within and across various studies (Burmaster, 1998a,b;Ershow and Cantor, 1989;Ershow et al, 1991;Hattis et al, 1999;Roseberry and Burmaster, 1992 ). Table 1 provides a brief summary of key water intake studies of the general population.…”

“…As mentioned previously, there are a number of water ingestion studies ( Ershow and Cantor, 1989;Ershow et al, 1991;Hattis et al, 1999;National Academy of Sciences, 1977;Roseberry and Burmaster, 1992;U.S. EPA, 2000;USDA, 1995 ).…”

Separation of uncertainty and interindividual variability in human exposure modeling

“…Parameters reflecting interindividual variability in NORMTOX were assumed to follow a lognormal distribution, for example, body weight and intake rates of soil, food and swimming water. This choice was based on the general observations and theoretical considerations that many parameters representing natural phenomena whose value is restricted to positive values follow a lognormal distribution (Gaddum, 1945;Roseberry and Burmaster, 1992;Ruffle et al, 1994). For the intake of food products, this assumption was confirmed by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test.…”

Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the uranium mill tailings site near Riverton, Wyoming. Revision 1

“…Intake of a radioactive carcinogen is therefore quantified as total exposure to radioactivity throughout the individual's period of residence. Averaoe da ilv intake (Udavl Lognormal probability distributions were used to describe variations in average daily tap water intake among members of the population (Roseberry and Burmaster, 1992). These distributions were developed from data collected during a 1977-1 978 National Food Consumption Survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (DOE, 1995).…”