Logros, retos y perspectivas de la investigación en mejoramiento genético de bovinos productores de carne en el INIFAP

Abstract

El objetivo fue presentar resultados de investigación sobre mejoramiento genético de bovinos productores de carne realizados por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, así como los retos y perspectivas de investigación a corto, mediano y largo plazo en dicha área del conocimiento. Se utilizaron tesis de maestría, trabajos de congresos y artículos científicos publicados de 1987 a 2020. En los últimos 34 años, se logró caracterizar productiva y reproductivamente animales Bos indicus y Bos taurus x Bos indicus en condiciones tropicales, implementar evaluaciones genéticas multirraciales para las poblaciones Simmental-Simbrah y Charolais-Charbray, determinar la importancia de los efectos maternos en características de crecimiento y estimar la heredabilidad y correlaciones genéticas para características de crecimiento y reproductivas de machos y hembras en animales Bos taurus y Bos indicus, comprobar que la interacción genotipo-ambiente es un factor importante en la expresión de peso al destete en Simmental, desarrollar factores de ajuste de edad de la madre para pesos al nacimiento y destete, desarrollar un prototipo de evaluación genética nacional para permanencia productiva y otro para fertilidad de vaquillas, estimar la diversidad genética de las poblaciones Simmental, Charolais y Simbrah, e identificar SNP asociados a características de crecimiento en Simmental y Simbrah. En el corto plazo, se espera desarrollar índices de selección y predecir el mérito genético de características de canal; en el mediano, realizar evaluaciones genómicas para tolerancia al estrés calórico, consumo de alimento residual y características de salud; y a largo plazo, realizar predicciones genómicas a través de razas.

Discovering Genomic Regions Associated with Reproductive Traits and Frame Score in Mexican Simmental and Simbrah Cattle Using Individual SNP and Haplotype Markers

“…From the results of the joint model, several coincidences were found within the regions associated with FS, with the databases of QTLs. On chromosome 5 and 7, associations with SC in Angus cattle [8] were found, which is a trait correlated with FS [29]. Also, QTLs associated with body weight (yearling) were found within chromosome 6 and 22; the first one was in crossbred beef cattle [31] and the second in Angus cattle [8], and as already mentioned, this is a trait correlated with FS [29].…”

“…In the Simmental data analysis, within the SNP windows on chromosome 2, QTLs were previously associated with a body form composite index in Holstein cattle; this index contemplates the height of the animal, which is a measure that is also used to calculate FS [28]. Also, inside of an SNP window on chromosome 19, three different traits were previously associated, these included a QTL for body weight (yearling) in Angus cattle [8], which is a trait correlated with FS [29]. In the same way, in the same study, they associated this region with another QTL for SC [8], which is also related to FS [29], and stature through an association analysis in Holstein cattle [30].…”

“…Also, inside of an SNP window on chromosome 19, three different traits were previously associated, these included a QTL for body weight (yearling) in Angus cattle [8], which is a trait correlated with FS [29]. In the same way, in the same study, they associated this region with another QTL for SC [8], which is also related to FS [29], and stature through an association analysis in Holstein cattle [30]. Finally, within a haplotype window, a QTL was also associated with body weight (yearling) in Angus cattle [8].…”

“…In the Simmental data analysis, within the SNP windows on chromosome 21, QTLs were previously reported to SC in Angus cattle [8], which is a trait correlated with FS [29].…”