Loligo vulgaris and Doryteuthis opalescens

Vidal, Erica A. G.; Boletzky, Sigurd von

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8648-5_16

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The maximum breeding density of fish (Nile tilapia) for toxicity testing is 2.5 g/L (APHA 1998;Hegazi et al 2010), and the breeding density of our experiment was 2.25 g/L. Some publications have stated the importance of maintaining the level of un-ionized ammonia at <0.1 mg/L in cephalopod cultures (Boletzky and Hanlon 1983;Vidal and Boletzky 2014), whereas Jiang et al (2014) indicated that the level of ammonia can reach as high as 1.03 mg/L in S. pharaonis ponds under poor rearing conditions. In this study, we established four ammonia concentration gradients of 0 (control), 1, 3, and 6 mg/L, which were adjusted by diluting a high-purity NH 4 Cl (10 g/L) stock solution, to assess ammonia nitrogen exposure.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 72%

Detoxification Pathways in Response to Environmental Ammonia Exposure of the Cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis: Glutamine and Urea Formation

Peng

Wang

et al. 2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

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To investigate the ammonia detoxification pathways of the cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis, the effects of environmental ammonia nitrogen exposure (control, 1, 3, and 6 mg/L) on nitrogen metabolism were quantified in the hemolymph, liver, and gills. The levels of glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and arginase activities and ammonia, glutamine, and urea concentrations in the hemolymph, liver, and gills significantly increased upon exposure to 3 and 6 mg/L ammonia nitrogen and exhibited a dose‐dependent relationship with the ammonia exposure concentration. These results suggest two main pathways of metabolic ammonia detoxification in S. pharaonis exposed to ammonia in this study: (1) conversion of ammonia to urea, which is stored temporarily or excreted, via the ornithine‐urea cycle and (2) conversion of ammonia to glutamine, which can be stored in the body or used for other anabolic processes.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 72%

Detoxification Pathways in Response to Environmental Ammonia Exposure of the Cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis: Glutamine and Urea Formation

Peng

Wang

et al. 2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…Embryonic development is a key process in the life cycle of marine animals, and it is the result of a series of combined biochemical and physical mechanisms(Caamal‐Monsrealet al, ; Penget al, ). This process is affected by many external factors (e.g., temperature, salinity, light) (Burkhalter & Kaya, ; Cinti, Barón, & Rivas, ; Sen, ; Vidal & Boletzky, ). In our study, exposure to ammonia caused several types of malformations in S. pharaonis during embryonic development, including yolk surface crack, yolk sac oedema, autolysis of cells of the animal pole, yolk turbidity, yolk bulging, and decreased body colour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cephalopods are also extremely sensitive to the level of ambient ammonia (Boletzky & Hanlon, ; Lee, Turk, Forsythe, & W.,&Dimarco F. P., ). Vidal and Boletzky () reported the importance of maintaining the level of unionized ammonia (UIA‐N) at <0.1 mg/L in cephalopod cultures. And Peng, Wang, Jiang, et al () reported Juvenile S. pharaonis should be maintained at a concentration of ammonia nitrogen of no more than 1.8 mg/L (UIA‐N is 0.082 mg/L) in culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of ammonia on the embryonic development of the cuttlefishSepia pharaonis

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ammonia nitrogen on the embryonic development of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis. Embryos were exposed to different concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/L) of total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) during incubation. The developmental rate, malformations, mortality, hatching rate, incubation period, yolk utilization efficiency ratio, and weight of the newly hatched cuttlefish were determined. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen significantly inhibited the development of S. pharaonis embryos and induced malformations and even death. Hatching was delayed, the hatching rate was reduced, mortality and the incubation period increased, and the yolk utilization efficiency ratio and weight of the newly hatched cuttlefish significantly decreased in a dosedependent manner after the embryos were exposed to more than 1 mg/L TAN for prolonged period. These variables could be used as an integrative biomarker or indicator of aquatic environmental ammonia contamination. In summary, our results indicated that ammonia caused toxicity in the embryos. When the concentration of TAN is greater than 1 mg/L, ammonia levels should be reduced to prevent toxic effects on embryonic development. K E Y W O R D Sammonia, developmental toxicology, embryo, Sepia pharaonis

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“…From Stage XV onwards, the amount, color intensity and reactivity of the chromatophores increases with embryo development and the size of the outer yolk sack is progressively reduced until it is completely absorbed at hatching (Table 1). When rearing conditions are not ideal, premature hatching occurs and paralarvae hatch out with the outer yolk sack still present, resulting in high mortality rates (45).…”

Section: Developing Clear Staging Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The top of the tanks was covered with plastic foil to avoid evaporation and Aluminum foil to block light. After observation of the second reversion, embryos were left undisturbed for seven days to avoid premature hatching (45) and were then transferred to a separate, opaque tank, containing the same aerated artificial seawater as the standalone system. This allowed observation of paralarval swimming, color change and phototactic behavior right after hatching.…”

Section: Standalone System For Egg Incubation and Embryo Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

A practical staging atlas to study embryonic development of Octopus vulgaris under controlled laboratory conditions

Deryckere

Styfhals

Vidal

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Octopus vulgaris has been an iconic cephalopod species for neurobiology research as well as for cephalopod aquaculture. It is one of the most intelligent and well-studied invertebrates, possessing both long- and short-term memory and the striking ability to perform complex cognitive tasks. Nevertheless, how the common octopus developed these uncommon features remains enigmatic. O. vulgaris females spawn thousands of small eggs and remain with their clutch during their entire development, cleaning, venting and protecting the eggs. In fact, eggs incubated without females usually do not develop normally, mainly due to biological contamination (fungi, bacteria, etc.). This high level of parental care might have hampered laboratory research on the embryonic development of this intriguing cephalopod. Results Here, we present a completely parameter-controlled artificial seawater standalone egg incubation system that replaces maternal care and allows successful embryonic development of a small-egged octopus species until hatching in a laboratory environment. We also provide a practical and detailed staging atlas based on bright-field and light sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging for precise monitoring of embryonic development. The atlas has a comparative section to benchmark stages to the different scales published by Naef (1928), Arnold (1965) and Boletzky (2016). Finally, we provide methods to monitor health and wellbeing of embryos during organogenesis. Conclusion Besides introducing the study of O. vulgaris embryonic development to a wider community, this work can be a high-quality reference for comparative evolutionary developmental biology.

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Loligo vulgaris and Doryteuthis opalescens

Cited by 26 publications

References 64 publications

Detoxification Pathways in Response to Environmental Ammonia Exposure of the Cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis: Glutamine and Urea Formation

Detoxification Pathways in Response to Environmental Ammonia Exposure of the Cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis: Glutamine and Urea Formation

Toxic effects of ammonia on the embryonic development of the cuttlefishSepia pharaonis

A practical staging atlas to study embryonic development of Octopus vulgaris under controlled laboratory conditions

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