Lomentospora prolificans: An Emerging Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen

Konsoula, Afroditi; Tsioutis, Constantinos; Markaki, Ioulia; Papadakis, Michail; Agouridis, Aris P.; Spernovasilis, Nikolaos

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10071317

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This pathogen can infect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients and thus acts both as a primary and an opportunistic pathogen [ 100 ]. Skin, soft tissue, muscle, bone, and joint infections are more common in immunocompetent hosts, and infection usually requires disruption of the anatomic barrier by trauma, surgery, or corticosteroid injections [ 1 , 101 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several determinants of pathogenesis have a role in the manifestation of disease [ 100 ], associated with germination [ 108 ], biofilm formation [ 109 ], destruction of lung epithelial cells [ 109 ], and infiltration of blood vessels [ 110 ], resulting in widespread dissemination to distal organs [ 110 ]. Important molecules in the fungal cell wall that enhance fungal virulence include peptidorhamnomannan, glucosylceramide, and melanin [ 111 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lomentospora prolificans Disseminated Infections: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases

et al. 2022

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Background: Lomentospora prolificans, a rare, highly virulent filamentous fungus with high rates of intrinsic resistance to antifungals, has been associated with different types of infections in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. Objective: To systematically address all relevant evidence regarding L. prolificans disseminated infections in the literature. Methods: We searched Medline via PubMed and Scopus databases through July 2022. We performed a qualitative synthesis of published articles reporting disseminated infections from L. prolificans in humans. Results: A total of 87 studies describing 142 cases were included in our systematic review. The pathogen was most frequently reported in disseminated infections in Spain (n = 47), Australia (n = 33), the USA (n = 21), and Germany (n = 10). Among 142 reported cases, 48.5% were males. Underlying conditions identified for the majority of patients included malignancy (72.5%), hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (23.2%), solid organ transplantation (16%), and AIDS (2%). Lungs, central nervous system, skin, eyes, heart and bones/joints were the most commonly affected organs. Neutropenia was recorded in 52% of patients. The mortality rate was as high as 87.3%. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review conducted on disseminated infections due to this rare microorganism. Physicians should be aware that L. prolificans can cause a diversity of infections with high mortality and primarily affects immunocompromised and neutropenic patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lomentospora prolificans Disseminated Infections: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases

et al. 2022

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“…Lomentosporiosis is an emerging fungal invasive disease caused by L. prolificans (previously known as Scedosporium prolificans ) ( Table S2 ) ( Figure 2 I,J). Depending on the immunological status of the individual, this fungus induces a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations that range from superficial (in immunocompetent individuals) to disseminated infections (in immunocompromised patients) [ 255 , 256 ].…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors for lomentosporiosis development include medication (corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapy), underlying medical conditions (solid organ transplant, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, acute leukemia, neutropenia, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cystic fibrosis, cavitary lung disease, endocarditis), surgery, and trauma. Behavioral aspects such as intravenous drug use can facilitate disease development [ 256 ].…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to Fungi

Oliveira

Lisboa

et al. 2023

JoF

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Biological particles, along with inorganic gaseous and particulate pollutants, constitute an ever-present component of the atmosphere and surfaces. Among these particles are fungal species colonizing almost all ecosystems, including the human body. Although inoffensive to most people, fungi can be responsible for several health problems, such as allergic fungal diseases and fungal infections. Worldwide fungal disease incidence is increasing, with new emerging fungal diseases appearing yearly. Reasons for this increase are the expansion of life expectancy, the number of immunocompromised patients (immunosuppressive treatments for transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency diseases), the number of uncontrolled underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus), and the misusage of medication (e.g., corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics). Managing fungal diseases is challenging; only four classes of antifungal drugs are available, resistance to these drugs is increasing, and no vaccines have been approved. The present work reviews the implications of fungal particles in human health from allergic diseases (i.e., allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, severe asthma with fungal sensitization, thunderstorm asthma, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, and occupational lung diseases) to infections (i.e., superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic infections). Topics such as the etiological agent, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment will be revised to improve the knowledge of this growing health concern.

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“…The high prevalence of morbidity and mortality are observed in transplant patients, cancer patients, patients in intensive care units (ICU), and HIV, influenza and COVID-19 patients [ 12 ]. The emergence of fungal pathogens is related to climate change, agricultural techniques, occupational hazard, forest erosion, human migration patterns, and soil dispersion, patient immunosuppression, improved disease recognition, and diagnostic tests [ 13 ]. Antifungal resistance, antifungal drug tolerance, and biofilm formation directly contribute to rising cases of fungal morbidity and mortality [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Drug Resistant Fungi: A Review of Mitigation Strategies

Garvey

Rowan²

2023

IJMS

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Fungal pathogens cause significant human morbidity and mortality globally, where there is a propensity to infect vulnerable people such as the immunocompromised ones. There is increasing evidence of resistance to antifungal drugs, which has significant implications for cutaneous, invasive and bloodstream infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) published a priority list of fungal pathogens in October 2022, thus, highlighting that a crisis point has been reached where there is a pressing need to address the solutions. This review provides a timely insight into the challenges and implications on the topic of antifungal drug resistance along with discussing the effectiveness of established disease mitigation modalities and approaches. There is also a need to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fungal resistance to inform effective solutions. The established fungal decontamination approaches are effective for medical device processing and sterilization, but the presence of pathogenic fungi in recalcitrant biofilms can lead to challenges, particularly during cleaning. Future design ideas for implantable and reusable medical devices should consider antifungal materials and appropriates for disinfection, and where it is relevant, sterilization. Preventing the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi on foods through the use of appropriate end-to-end processes is advisable, as mycotoxins are recalcitrant and challenging to eliminate once they have formed.

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Lomentospora prolificans: An Emerging Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen

Cited by 23 publications

References 120 publications

Lomentospora prolificans Disseminated Infections: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases

Lomentospora prolificans Disseminated Infections: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases

Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to Fungi

Pathogenic Drug Resistant Fungi: A Review of Mitigation Strategies

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