Long acting reversible contraceptive utilization and its associated factors among modern contraceptive users in high fertility sub-Saharan Africa countries: a multi-level analysis of recent demographic and health surveys

Abstract

Background Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) have been hailed as one of the safest and most effective methods of contraception. However, the use of LARC is low in the world, including Sub Saharan Africa; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess LARC utilization and associated factors among modern contraceptive users in high fertility SSA countries. Methods Data for this study was obtained from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys. A total weighted sample of 14,828 reproductive age women was included. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the significant associated factors of long acting reversible contraception utilization. Finally, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to declare as statistical significance. Results Overall prevalence of LARC utilization was observed to be 20.1% (19.45, 20.74). The factors significantly associated with the utilization were women’s age ≥ 35 years (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.19,1.68), having media exposure (AOR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.28), number of alive children: 1–2 (AOR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.38, 4.01), 3–4 (AOR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.74, 5.10), $$\ge$$ 5 (AOR = 2.82; 95% CI:1.63, 4.86), have no history of abortion (AOR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17,1.51) and who have no big problem with distance to the health facility (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.43). Conclusion The use of long acting reversible contraception in this study was relatively low. To improve the utilization of long acting reversible contraceptives governments, policymakers, and stakeholders should implement health promotion strategies through media and improve accessibilities of health facilities.

Modern contraceptive utilisation and its associated factors among reproductive age women in high fertility regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

“…We calculated the individual weight for women (v005) by multiplying the household weight (hv005) by the inverse of the individual response rate. Before analysis, individual sample weights are generated by dividing (v005) by one million to approximate the number of cases 10 38 39. After exclusion of pregnant women and infecund during survey, a total weighted sample of 3822 married reproductive-age women were included from three regions in this study (figure 1).…”

“…The types of contraceptive methods used for family planning can be divided into modern contraception and traditional methods that limit or delay childbirth 5. Modern contraceptive methods are more effective than traditional methods that include short-acting (injectable, pills, male condom, female condom, emergency contraceptives),6–8 long-acting reversible (hormonal implants and intrauterine devices)9–11 and permanent (tubal-ligation (female sterilisation) and vasectomy (male sterilisation))12–14 methods that exclude traditional methods which helps to limit number of children and prevent maternal and child morbidity and mortality 15…”

Intention to use contraceptives and its correlates among reproductive age women in selected high fertility sub-saharan Africa countries: a multilevel mixed effects analysis

“…It is widely believed that intentions predict behavior and that in many behavior change interventions, including those targeting contraceptive use, behavioral intentions are used to evaluate program effectiveness [ 4 , 5 ]. However, in high fertility SSA countries, little evidences are available about modern contraceptive [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Permanent, long-acting and short-acting reversible contraceptive methods use among women in Bangladesh: an analysis of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 data

“…According to the guidance of reviewed literature4 36–43 and the availability of the variables in BDHS 2017–2018, several explanatory variables were included in this current analysis. They are the age of women, education of women, employment status of women, husband/partner’s education, religion, body mass index (BMI), media exposure, current breastfeeding status, parity, birth history in last 5 years, history of a terminated pregnancy, hearing information about FP from media, the decision for using contraception, knowledge of ovulatory cycle, women decision-making power, household wealth status, place of residence and administrative division.…”

“…61 Women exposed to media at least once a week may obtain information regarding FP since the media can describe various methods, their advantages and where they are accessible to women, improving women's usage of contraceptive methods. 43 Regarding parity, women with three or more children were more likely to use both permanent and LARC methods. According to previous studies, 4 62 63 using permanent and LARCs increases as children grow.…”