Long- and short-term state-dependent foraging under predation risk: an indication of habitat quality

Olsson, Ola; Brown, Joel S.; Smith, Henrik G.

doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1985

Cited by 86 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The low value gives the curves in figure 2 an appearance of linearity, although they are not. Following Olsson et al (2002), we used this value and then estimated attack rate for each moon phase (see the electronic supplementary material, appendix). Gerbils showed their highest attack rates at new moon (5.42 Â 10 24 s 21 ), followed by the waning moon (4.90 Â 10 24 ), and the waxing moon (4.34 Â 10 24 ), with lowest attack rates at the full moon (4.04 Â 10 24 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moonlight avoidance in gerbils reveals a sophisticated interplay among time allocation, vigilance and state-dependent foraging

et al. 2010

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Foraging animals have several tools for managing the risk of predation, and the foraging games between them and their predators. Among these, time allocation is foremost, followed by vigilance and apprehension. Together, their use influences a forager's time allocation and giving-up density (GUD) in depletable resource patches. We examined Allenby's gerbils (Gerbilus andersoni allenbyi) exploiting seed resource patches in a large vivarium under varying moon phases in the presence of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes). We measured time allocated to foraging patches electronically and GUDs from seeds left behind in resource patches. From these, we estimated handling times, attack rates and quitting harvest rates (QHRs). Gerbils displayed greater vigilance (lower attack rates) at brighter moon phases (full , wane , wax , new). Similarly, they displayed higher GUDs at brighter moon phases (wax . full . new . wane). Finally, gerbils displayed higher QHRs at new and waxing moon phases. Differences across moon phases not only reflect changing time allocation and vigilance, but changes in the state of the foragers and their marginal value of energy. Early in the lunar cycle, gerbils rely on vigilance and sacrifice state to avoid risk; later they defend state at the cost of increased time allocation; finally their state can recover as safe opportunities expand. In the predator-prey foraging game, foxes may contribute to these patterns of behaviours by modulating their own activity in response to the opportunities presented in each moon phase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moonlight avoidance in gerbils reveals a sophisticated interplay among time allocation, vigilance and state-dependent foraging

et al. 2010

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“…High values of expected gains or losses (i.e., predation risk) may have counterintuitive effects on behavior. Olsson et al (2001Olsson et al ( , 2002 have shown that risk taking in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) is best characterized by more than just the probability of encountering a predator. The expected fitness after surviving predation is also an important consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, Olsson et al (2001Olsson et al ( , 2002 define the cost of predation as the product of the probability of predation and the fitness level of the organism after surviving a predation attempt. This is captured in the CEF model as the product J Ϫ ϭ βψ (the expected loss due to predation-which is the input to the off channel-is the product of the probability of predation and the value of life).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the food-finding dipole could be implemented as part of Panksepp's (1982) foraging expectancy system and the predator avoidance dipole could be part of the fear-anxiety system. The multiattribute CEF model enables foraging decisions to be based on both gain and loss components of fitness related to the cost of predation, as discussed in Olsson, Brown, and Smith (2002). Olsson et al define cost of predation as encompassing not only the probability of predation itself (i.e., risk) but also the quality of the habitat and the expected reproductive fitness of the forager.…”

Section: Multiattribute Cef Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A neural network model of foraging decisions made under predation risk

Coleman

Brown

Levine

et al. 2005

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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This article develops the cognitive-emotional forager (CEF) model, a novel application of a neural network to dynamical processes in foraging behavior. The CEF is based on a neural network known as the gated dipole, introduced by Grossberg, which is capable of representing short-term affective reactions in a manner similar to Solomon and Corbit's (1974) opponent process theory. The model incorporates a trade-off between approach toward food and avoidance of predation under varying levels of motivation induced by hunger. The results of simulations in a simple patch selection paradigm, using a lifetime fitness criterion for comparison, indicate that the CEF model is capable of nearly optimal foraging and outperforms a run-of-luck rule-of-thumb model. Models such as the one presented here can illuminate the underlying cognitive and motivational components of animal decision making.

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“…shown by Olsson et al (2002) though the degree to which vigilance is impaired was not measured 182 directly. Hereafter, the tray with the mounted wall is referred to as a risky foraging patch and the 183 tray without the wall as a safe foraging patch.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing habitat quality of farm-dwelling house sparrows in different agricultural landscapes

et al. 2011

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Long- and short-term state-dependent foraging under predation risk: an indication of habitat quality

Cited by 86 publications

References 34 publications

Moonlight avoidance in gerbils reveals a sophisticated interplay among time allocation, vigilance and state-dependent foraging

Moonlight avoidance in gerbils reveals a sophisticated interplay among time allocation, vigilance and state-dependent foraging

A neural network model of foraging decisions made under predation risk

Assessing habitat quality of farm-dwelling house sparrows in different agricultural landscapes

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