Long‐bone critical‐size defects treated with tissue‐engineered polycaprolactone‐co‐lactide scaffolds: A pilot study on rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of embroidered, tissue-engineered polycaprolactone-co-lactide (trade name: PCL) scaffolds for the reconstruction of large bone defects. Ten piled-up PCL scaffolds were implanted in femura with a critical size defect of immunodeficient nude rats for 12 weeks [n = 4, group 1: noncoated, group 2: collagen I (coll I), group 3: collagen I/chondroitin sulfate (coll I/CS), and group 4: collagen I/chondroitin sulfate/human mesenchymal stem cells (coll I/CS/hMSC)]. X-ray examination, computer tomography, and histological analyses of the explanted scaffold pads were performed. The quantification of the bone volume ratio showed a significantly higher rate of new bone formation at coll I/CS-coated scaffolds compared with the other groups. Histological investigations revealed that the defect reconstruction started from the peripheral bone ends and incorporated into the scaffold material. Additionally seeded hMSC on coll I/CS-coated scaffolds showed a higher matrix deposition inside the implant but no higher bone formation was observed. These data imply that the coll I/CS-coated PCL scaffolds have the highest potential for treating critical size defects. The scaffolds, being variable in size and structure, can be adapted to any bone defect.

Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Animal Long Bone Healing

“…Twelve (34%) studies used a rat model. 3,8,20,23,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Of the rat models, 11 investigated the femur and 1 investigated the radius. Four studies (11%) used a goat model.…”

“…6,8,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Fourteen of these studies used statistical analysis for comparison of the treatment and control groups. Hundred percent of these studies reported that defects treated with BMAC showed a statistically significant higher degree of osteogenesis than the control groups.…”

Angiogenesis and bone regeneration of porous nano-hydroxyapatite/coralline blocks coated with rhVEGF165 in critical-size alveolar bone defects in vivo

“…1,2 Although alveolar bones have the capability to regenerate, the healing process frequently fails to progress through the normal stages of healing or is delayed when the defects reach a critical size. [3][4][5] Therefore, bone grafting is necessary for large defects.…”

Human Bone Xenografts: from Preclinical Testing for Regenerative Medicine to Modeling of Diseases

“…Small rodents such as mice and rats are generally preferred in early-stage studies where large numbers are required [6]. Additionally, genetically engineered mice (GEM) are available that provide a plethora of experimental settings for study design, including diseased phenotypes and, more specifically, immunocompromised mice for xenografting studies [7,8]. However, rodent models are limited in the space and volume of implants afforded, and implantation is commonly performed ectopically in the subcutaneous pockets or peritoneal cavity.…”