Long-Bone-Regeneration Process in a Sheep Animal Model, Using Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Prepared by Tape-Casting Method

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic implants (HA cylinders, perforated HA plates, and nonperforated HA plates) on the healing of bone defects, addressing biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and osteointegration with the surrounding bone tissue. The HA ceramic implants were prepared using the tape-casting method, which allows for shape variation in samples after packing HA paste into 3D-printed plastic forms. In vitro, the distribution and morphology of the MC3T3E1 cells grown on the test discs for 2 and 9 days were visualised with a fluorescent live/dead staining assay. The growth of the cell population was clearly visible on the entire ceramic surfaces and very good osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation was observed, with no dead cells detected. A sheep animal model was used to perform in vivo experiments with bone defects created on the metatarsal bones, where histological and immunohistochemical tissue analysis as well as X-ray and CT images were applied. After 6 months, all implants showed excellent biocompatibility with the surrounding bone tissue with no observed signs of inflammatory reaction. The histomorphological findings revealed bone growth immediately over and around the implants, indicating the excellent osteoconductivity of the HA ceramic implants. A number of islands of bone tissue were observed towards the centres of the HA cylinders. The highest degree of biodegradation, bioresorption, and new bone formation was observed in the group in which perforated HA plates were applied. The results of this study suggest that HA cylinders and HA plates may provide a promising material for the functional long-bone-defect reconstruction and further research.

Advances in clinical applications of bioceramics in the new regenerative medicine era

“…Kresakova et al [ 16 ] have demonstrated HA implants in 12 female sheep with critical size defects in the load-bearing bone. During 6 months of follow-up, there was were no clinical signs of infection, inflammation, or pathological wound damage.…”

Comparing the Healing Abilities of Fluorapatite and Hydroxyapatite Ceramics in Regenerating Bone Tissue: An In Vivo Study

“…[6,7]. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and other ceramics have been repeatedly tested in animals for the treatment of bone defects [8][9][10][11][12]. Recently, attention has been paid to the use of calciumphosphate-fluorine ceramics (fluorapatite or fluorhydroxyapatite) in medicine; however, this material has not been tested in vivo for stimulation of bone defect healing.…”