Long-Chain Aliphatic Polymers To Bridge the Gap between Semicrystalline Polyolefins and Traditional Polycondensates

Abstract

Other than their established short-chain congeners, polycondensates based on long-chain difunctional monomers are often dominated by the long methylene sequences of the repeat units in their solid-state structures and properties. This places them between traditional polycondensates and polyethylenes. The availability of long-chain monomers as a key prerequisite has benefited much from advances in the catalytic conversion of plant oils, via biotechnological and purely chemical approaches, likewise. This has promoted studies of, among others, applications-relevant properties. A comprehensive account is given of long-chain monomer syntheses and the preparation and physical properties, morphologies, mechanical behavior, and degradability of long-chain polyester, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyacetals, and polycarbonates.

Diamines for Polymer Materials via Direct Amination of Lipid‐ and Lignocellulose‐based Alcohols with NH3

“…For comparison, with commercial monomers such as 1,12-diamine and 1,18-diacid or with 1,19-diacid from isomerizing carbonylation, molecular weights varying from 1.2 10 4 to 2.8 10 4 gmol À1 were obtained (Table 2, entries 1-5). [1,56] As the formation of hydrogen bonds also depends on the odd or even number of carbon atoms in the chain,t he melting points of odd/odd, even/even ando dd/even polyamides variate. Note that these molecularw eights match with those of typical commercial polyamides.…”

“…[1] The particular composition of carbohydrates via multiple dehydration affords furanic building blocks X-CH 2 -furan-2,5-diyl-CH 2 -X to be used as rigid segments in polyesters. Notably,t he particular methylene chain sequences of fatty acids from plant oils can serve as the source of mid-and long-chain monomers X-(CH 2 ) n -X for polycondensates.…”

“…The solvent was removed in vacuo and an off-white powder was obtained consisting of 96 %o ft he desired diamine with 4% of 1-amino-19-nitrile as by-product and could not be purified further 1. Vias yringe, 15 mL toluene was added.…”

Combinatorial Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica as a Promising Cell Biorefinery Platform for the de novo Production of Multi-Purpose Long Chain Dicarboxylic Acids

“…These long chain monomers are also the building blocks of naturally occurring polyesters [121]. Additionally, the double bonds of unsaturated monomers, which are maintained during terminal oxidation, show promise for additional functional groups and linkages.…”

Vegetable oils: a source of polyols for polyurethane materials

“…In the last decades, numerous studies and reviews have emerged using fats and oils for the polymer field (Biermann et al, 2000, De Espinosa andMaisonneuve et al, 2013a;Meier et al, 2007;Metzger, 2009;Stempfle et al, 2016;Xia and Larock, 2010).…”