Long‐chain fatty acid supplemented infant formula does not influence calcium and magnesium bioavailability in weanling rats

Vaquero, M. Pilar; Sarriá, Beatriz

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2119

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Likewise, lipids impact the absorbability of Mg 2+ , whereby the lipid composition is suggested to be the influencing factor. Rat studies showed that a replacement of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) for Long Chain Triglycerides (LCT) increased Mg 2+ absorption [ 65 , 66 ], possibly due to more soluble Mg 2+ soaps of saturated fatty acids compared to insoluble Mg 2+ salts formed with unsaturated fatty acids [ 67 ]. Conversely, studies on the influence of absolute fat mass on Mg 2+ absorption have not produced consistent results ([ 68 - 70 ], reviewed in [ 64 ]).…”

Section: Data On Intestinal Mg2+ Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Absorption and Factors Influencing Bioavailability of Magnesium- An Update

Schuchardt

Hahn

2017

CNF

148

110

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Background: Information on the bioavailability of the essential mineral Mg2+ is sparse.Objective/Method: Evaluation of the present knowledge on factors influencing the bioavailability and intestinal absorption of Mg2+.Results: Mg2+ is absorbed via a paracellular passive and a transcellular active pathway that involves TRPM6/7 channel proteins. The bioavailability of Mg2+ varies within a broad range, depending on the dose, the food matrix, and enhancing and inhibiting factors. Dietary factors impairing Mg2+ up-take include high doses of other minerals, partly fermentable fibres (e.g., hemicellulose), non-fermentable fibres (e.g., cellulose, lignin), phytate and oxalate, whereas proteins, medium-chain-triglycerides, and low- or indigestible carbohydrates (e.g., resistant starch, oligosaccharides, inulin, mannitol and lactulose) enhance Mg2+ uptake. The Mg2+ dose is a major factor controlling the amount of Mg2+ absorbed. In principle, the relative Mg2+ uptake is higher when the mineral is in-gested in multiple low doses throughout the day compared to a single, large intake of Mg2+. The type of Mg2+ salt appears less relevant than is often thought. Some studies demonstrated a slightly higher bioavailability of organic Mg2+ salts compared to inorganic compounds under standardized conditions, whereas other studies did not.Conclusion: Due to the lack of standardized tests to assess Mg2+ status and intestinal absorption, it remains unclear which Mg2+ binding form produces the highest bioavailability. The Mg2+ intake dose combined with the endogenous Mg2+ status is more important. Because Mg2+ cannot be stored but only retained for current needs, a higher absorption is usually followed by a higher excretion of the mineral.

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Section: Data On Intestinal Mg2+ Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Absorption and Factors Influencing Bioavailability of Magnesium- An Update

Schuchardt

Hahn

2017

CNF

148

110

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“…7 On the other hand, LCPUFA do not affect Ca and Mg bioavailability when included in infant formulas. 8 In the food industry the composition and structure of human milk oligosaccharides have not been reproduced and therefore they are not commercially available. This is why oligosaccharides of animal and vegetable origin (chiefly fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides, also known as prebiotics) are normally used in infant feeding to obtain similar effects to those described for human milk oligosaccharides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in rats fed probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic powder follow‐up infant formulas and their effect on physiological and nutritional parameters

et al. 2006

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The effect of infant formulas supplemented with functional ingredients on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) bioavailability was investigated in rats. Seven follow-up infant formulas containing probiotics (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum), prebiotics (galactooligosaccharides at 12, 50 and 100 g kg −1 ) or synbiotics (bifidobacteria and galactooligosacccharides) were administered to weanling rats for 30 days. A 3 day mineral balance was performed over three periods (8-10, 18-20 and 28-30 days) to monitor mineral apparent absorption and retention ratios and physiological and nutritional parameters. Feeding rats on infant formula-based diets showed high feed efficiency (≥0.46). It was found that infant formulas supplemented with probiotics and/or prebiotics for 30 days increased Ca, Mg and P bioavailability in rats. Mineral apparent absorption and retention ratios were higher than 90% for Ca and P and 80% for Mg during the first balance period regardless of the infant formula used, but they decreased during the next two balance periods. Although it was not possible to select one infant formula as the best to improve mineral absorption, the 100 g kg −1 prebiotic and 50 and 100 g kg −1 synbiotic infant formulas were the most efficient at increasing Ca, Mg and P bioavailability compared with the control group.

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“…Mg supplementation combined with vitamin E, which effectively scavenges the peroxyl radical in cell membranes to inhibit lipid peroxidation, has been hypothesized to exert a synergistic effect on glycemic control [ 133 ]. Lipids impact the absorbability of Mg, whereby the lipid composition is suggested to be the influencing factor [ 134 ]. Specifically, the regular consumption of dairy products and milk formulas are foods of high nutritional value that provide high amounts of Ca, Mg, P, and vitamin D, which are chief factors in bone health [ 135 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Status and Ca/Mg Ratios in a Series of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases

et al. 2022

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Magnesium (Mg) is an essential divalent cation involved in various enzymatic reactions that regulate vital biological functions. The main goal was to evaluate Mg status and its association with nutritional indicators in 78 children and adolescents with chronic diseases. We assessed anthropometric, biochemical, diet, body composition, and bone densitometry valuations. Serum Mg and Ca levels were determined using the standardized method and diet calcium (Ca) and Mg consumption by a prospective 72 h diet survey. Mean serum Ca (9.9 mg/dL), Mg (2.08 mg/dL) dietary Ca (102% DRI: Dietary Reference Intake), and Mg intake (105% DRI) were normal. A total of 45% had hypomagnesemia, 12% had hypermagnesemia, and 26% and 24% had inadequate and high Mg intake, respectively. Only 6% of patients had poor Mg intake and hypomagnesemia, and 54% and 90% of our series had an elevated serum Ca/Mg ratio > 4.70 (mean 4.79) and a low Ca/Mg intake ratio < 1.70 (mean 1.06), respectively. Both Ca/Mg ratios were linked with the risk of developing other chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, syndrome metabolic, and even several cancers. Therefore, 79% of children and adolescents with chronic diseases were at elevated risk of having abnormal Mg status and developing other chronic illnesses.

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Long‐chain fatty acid supplemented infant formula does not influence calcium and magnesium bioavailability in weanling rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Intestinal Absorption and Factors Influencing Bioavailability of Magnesium- An Update

Intestinal Absorption and Factors Influencing Bioavailability of Magnesium- An Update

Bioavailability of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in rats fed probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic powder follow‐up infant formulas and their effect on physiological and nutritional parameters

Magnesium Status and Ca/Mg Ratios in a Series of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases

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