Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Mood in Elderly Japanese Men

Intake of arachidonic acid-containing lipids in adult humans: dietary surveys and clinical trials

“…Interestingly, the smallest dose of ARA (82.8 mg/day for 3 weeks) resulted in a significant increase of ARA composition in plasma PL and RBC [69]. The second smallest dose of ARA (120 mg/day for 4 weeks) with DHA/EPA (300/100 mg/kg) also increased ARA composition of plasma PL [16]. These doses of ARA are equal to or less than the standard dietary ARA intake (100-250 mg/ day), as reviewed above.…”

“…At the same time, ARA oil is now used for adult humans, especially the elderly, making it possible to investigate the physiological roles and efficacy of ARA [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. Table 5 summarizes the clinical trials reporting changes in ARA composition of blood in adult humans with ARA supplementation [16,17,19,[69][70][71][72][73][74]. The ARA-containing lipids of M. alpina were used for ARA supplementation in all nine studies.…”

“…However, little attention has been paid to the dietary intake and clinical effects of ARA itself in adult humans [10], although the knowledge in infant nutrition has progressed exceptionally [11,12]. Recently, the efficacy of ARA supplementation has been reported in the fields of cognitive attention and memory [13][14][15], mood states [16], coronary circulation [17] and cirrhosis [18,19]; and further nutritional understanding of ARA intake is expected.…”

Dietary Supplements and Natural Products: An Update on Their Clinical Effectiveness and Molecular Mechanisms of Action During Accelerated Biological Aging

“…On the other hand, several recent randomized controlled trials and prospective studies also prove that ω3 fatty acid supplementation improves cognition, depressive symptoms, mood, etc. ( Tokuda et al, 2017 ; Jiang et al, 2018 ; Chang et al, 2020 ). These inconsistent findings presented by individual randomized clinical trials show that we still do not understand how ω3 fatty acids shape the aging environment in humans outside of basic laboratory studies.…”

Interaction between cognitive leisure activity and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on global cognitive decline in a Japanese longitudinal cohort study: National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging

“…In animal studies, LCPUFAs were shown to be involved in the regulation and maintenance of brain function, such as neural membrane fluidity, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, some intervention studies have indicated that supplemental LCPUFAs improve cognitive function in older adults [18][19][20].…”