Long-Distance Neuronal Migration in the Adult Mammalian Brain

Abstract

During the development of the mammalian brain, neuronal precursors migrate to their final destination from their site of birth in the ventricular and subventricular zones (VZ and SVZ, respectively). SVZ cells in the walls of the lateral ventricle continue to proliferate in the brain of adult mice and can generate neurons in vitro, but their fate in vivo is unknown. Here SVZ cells from adult mice that carry a neuronal-specific transgene were grafted into the brain of adult recipients. In addition, the fate of endogenous SVZ cells was examined by microinjection of tritiated thymidine or a vital dye that labeled a discrete population of SVZ cells. Grafted and endogenous SVZ cells in the lateral ventricle of adult mice migrate long distances and differentiate into neurons in the olfactory bulb.

Reduction of the Cell Cycle Length by Decreasing G1 Phase and Cell Cycle Reentry Expand Neuronal Progenitor Cells in the Subventricular Zone of Adult Rat after Stroke

“…The VZ is replaced by an ependymal layer, while the subventricular zone (SVZ) persists in the adult rodent (Morshead et al, 1998). The adult SVZ contains actively proliferating progenitor cells and relatively quiescent stem cells, which generate neurons and glia throughout adulthood (Luskin, 1993;Lois and Alvarez-Buylla, 1994;Morshead et al, 1998). Stroke increases neurogenesis in the SVZ and newly generated neurons migrate towards ischemic boundary regions (Arvidsson et al, 2002;Parent et al, 2002;Jin et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2004b,c).…”

Neural stem cells: mechanisms and modeling

“…The RMS in the adult brain is a vestigial lumen that connects the lateral ventricle to the olfactory ventricle. When the neurons reach the olfactory bulb, they are integrated into the granule cell layer and the periglomerular layer to become GABAergic interneurons (Altman, 1969;Lois and Alvarez-Buylla, 1994;Doetsch et al, 1997;Peretto et al, 1997Peretto et al, , 1999Peretto et al, 2005;Ponti et al, 2006;Bonfanti and Peretto, 2007;Bonfanti et al, 2008;Bonfanti and Theodosis, 2009). The size of the NSC pool in the SVZ is much larger than that in the dentate gyrus (Lois and Alvarez-Buylla, 1993;Morshead et al, 1994).…”

Manipulation of Neural Precursors in situ Induction of Neurogenesis in the Neocortex of Adult Mice

“…These precursors have considerable plasticity, and, although they may have limitations in their integration into some host sites (Young et al 2000), they are capable of differentiation into neurons appropriate to a wide variety of recipient regions, when heterotopically transplanted (Suhonen et al 1996). Many adult precursors are capable of migrating long distances, using both tangential and radial forms of migration (Lois and Alvarez-Buylla 1994;Doetsch and Alvarez-Buylla 1996;Luskin and Boone 1994). Endogenous adult neural precursors are also capable of extending axons significant distances through the adult brain (Magavi et al 2000;Barber 1982;Crews and Hunter 1994).…”

“…6 ular zone. When retroviruses (Lois and Alvarez-Buylla 1994), tritiated thymidine (Lois and Alvarez-Buylla 1994), vital dyes (Lois and Alvarez-Buylla 1994;Doetsch and Alvarez-Buylla 1996), or virally labeled SVZ cells (Doetsch and Alvarez-Buylla 1996;Luskin and Boone 1994) are microinjected into the anterior portion of the SVZ of postnatal animals, labeled cells are eventually found in the olfactory bulb. Upon reaching the olfactory bulb, these labeled neurons differentiate into interneurons specific to the olfactory bulb, olfactory granule cells and peri-glomerular cells.…”