Long-distance QKD transmission using single-sideband detection scheme with WDM synchronization

Guerreau, O.L.; Mérolla, Jean-Marc; Soujaeff, A.; Patois, F.; Goedgebuer, J.-P.; Malassenet, F.J.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2003.820929

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Photonics has proved to be one of the principal enabling technologies for long-distance QKD using optical fiber links, and several techniques have been proposed in [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Initially investigated for point-to-point links, there is an increasing interest in its extension to network environments [9][10][11] including passive optical networks [12][13], where the use of multiplexing techniques can bring an added value for multiuser operation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A classical reference channel was required to convey a synchronization signal from Alice to Bob and also to stabilize the link against fiber length fluctuations [7] by providing Bob with exact replicas of the 10 and 15 GHz electrical subcarriers produced at Alice's side. The reference and quantum channels were coarse wavelength multiplexed (CWDM) to share the same optical fiber link.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental demonstration of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution system

et al. 2012

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We provide, to our knowledge, the first experimental demonstration of the feasibility of sending several parallel keys by exploiting the technique of subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) widely employed in microwave photonics. This approach brings several advantages such as high spectral efficiency compatible with the actual secure key rates, the sharing of the optical fainted pulse by all the quantum multiplexed channels reducing the system complexity, and the possibility of upgrading with wavelength division multiplexing in a two-tier scheme, to increase the number of parallel keys. Two independent quantum SCM channels featuring a sifted key rate of 10 Kb∕s∕channel over a link with quantum bit error rate <2% is reported. , we theoretically proposed the distribution of more than one key per wavelength by means of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution (SCM-QKD) [17]. Here, we experimentally demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the feasibility of the SCM-QKD approach to achieve the simultaneous distribution of two parallel keys by using frequency channels very closely packed in the optical spectrum.The operation principle of SCM-QKD can be explained referring to Fig. 1, which shows a scheme of the experimental setup assembled to demonstrate the feasibility of the SCM-QKD approach by multiplexing different independent keys. Four main blocks can be distinguished, which correspond to the quantum transmitter (Alice), the quantum receiver (Bob), both interconnected by an 11 Km access network link [10 Km single-mode fiber (SMF28e) followed by 1 Km dispersion compensating fiber (DCF)], the classical reference channel, and the overall electronic control system.In the experiment, Alice's transmitter produced weak coherent-state pulses by strong attenuation of a laser source previously pulsed using a time gating electronic signal to drive a 20 dB extinction ratio electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator. The output pulses had 1.3 ns FWHM and a repetition rate of 1 MHz. The nominal 3 dB laser linewidth was 10 MHz and the emission wavelength was 1557.30 nm. Quantum states to encode the binary secret keys were prepared at Alice's location by amplitude modulating the faint laser pulses using a 20 GHz bandwidth external electro-optic modulator (AM), biased at quadrature. We employed two RF subcarriers (f RF1 10 and f RF2 15 GHz), generated by independent voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). The laser source radiation was externally modulated by the RF subcarriers.For parallel key distribution, each RF subcarrier transmits a different key, which is generated by randomly phase modulating the output of each VCO among four Fig. 1. (Color online) Experimental SCM-QKD system to distribute different keys in parallel: AM, amplitude modulator; PM, phase modulator; VCOs, voltage controlled oscillators; Att 1∕2A∕B , electrical attenuators; CWDM, coarse wavelength division mux/demux; EDFA, erbium doped fiber amplifier; RFA, RF amplifier; SPAD, single photon avalanche detector; and Φ 1∕2A∕B , RF phase shifters.

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Experimental demonstration of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution system

et al. 2012

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“…This operator no longer commutes witĥ G, so the separation in the rightmost part of Eq (27). does not hold in general.…”

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Quantum modelling of electro‐optic modulators

Capmany

Fernández-Pousa

2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Many components that are employed in quantum information and communication systems are well known photonic devices encountered in standard optical fiber communication systems, such as optical beamsplitters, waveguide couplers and junctions, electro-optic modulators and optical fiber links. The use of these photonic devices is becoming increasingly important especially in the context of their possible integration either in a specifically designed system or in an already deployed end-to-end fiber link. Whereas the behavior of these devices is well known under the classical regime, in some cases their operation under quantum conditions is less well understood. This paper reviews the salient features of the quantum scattering theory describing both the operation of the electro-optic phase and amplitude modulators in discrete and continuousmode formalisms. This subject is timely and of importance in light of the increasing utilization of these devices in a variety of systems, including quantum key distribution and single-photon wavepacket measurement and conformation. In addition, the paper includes a tutorial development of the use of these models in selected but yet important applications, such as single and multitone modulation of photons, two-photon interference with phase-modulated light or the description of amplitude modulation as a quantum operation.

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“…In a recent experiment [6], a 23km key transmission was performed in free space, hence demonstrating the feasibility of QKD for ground-to-ground or space application. However, only one method based on polarization-coded quantum states has been explored to realize free-space key distribution.We report a new free-space transmission quantum key distribution method, using a direct-modulation technique associated to a single sideband detection method [7]. The use of directly modulated laser diodes and standard electronical components at the emitter enables suitable integration and thus offers potential…”

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Integrated Direct-Modulation Based Quantum Cryptography System

Cussey

Bloch

Mérolla

et al. 2005

Optical Networks and Technologies

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Abstract:We report a new quantum key distribution scheme using direct-modulation method associated with single sideband detection (SSB). Experiments were carried out at 850 nm using standard electronic and optical components. INTRODUCTIONQuantum cryptography or quantum key distribution (QKD) has known an increasing interest because it offers higher security than public-key based key transfer systems [1]. Several systems [1][2][3][4] have been developed to exchange quantum keys via optical fibres, achieving key distribution up to 100km [5]. In a recent experiment [6], a 23km key transmission was performed in free space, hence demonstrating the feasibility of QKD for ground-to-ground or space application. However, only one method based on polarization-coded quantum states has been explored to realize free-space key distribution.We report a new free-space transmission quantum key distribution method, using a direct-modulation technique associated to a single sideband detection method [7]. The use of directly modulated laser diodes and standard electronical components at the emitter enables suitable integration and thus offers potential

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Long-distance QKD transmission using single-sideband detection scheme with WDM synchronization

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Experimental demonstration of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution system

Experimental demonstration of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution system

Quantum modelling of electro‐optic modulators

Integrated Direct-Modulation Based Quantum Cryptography System

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